Module 2 - Gross Anatomy

Question 1

Where does the brain develop from?

Answer 1

swellings at the anterior end of the neural canal of the embryo

Question 2

What is the name of the primitive forebrain and which mature structures develop from it?

Answer 2

prosencephalon; telencephalon, diencephalon

Question 3

What is the name of the primitive midbrain?

Answer 3

mesencephalon

Question 4

What is the name of the primitive hindbrain, and which mature structures develop from it?

Answer 4

rhombencephalon; metencephalon (pons, cerebellum), myelencephalon (medulla oblongata)

Question 5

What are the four gyri on the lateral surface of the frontal lobe?

Answer 5

precentral gyrus; superior, middle and inferior frontal gyri

Question 6

What are the important features on the medial surface of the frontal lobe?

Answer 6

medial aspects of the precentral and superior frontal gyri

Question 7

What are the important features on the inferior surface of the frontal lobe?

Answer 7

gyrus rectus, olfactory sulcus

Question 8

What are the important parts of the frontal lobe?

Answer 8

primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus), premotor cortex, supplemental motor area, prefrontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus

Question 9

What is the premotor cortex for?

Answer 9

motor planning

Question 10

What is the supplemental motor area?

Answer 10

gets information from other hemisphere, part of premotor cortex?

Question 11

What is located in the inferior frontal gyrus?

Answer 11

broca’s area (pars opercularis, pars triangularis)

Question 12

What are the important parts on the lateral surface of the parietal lobe?

Answer 12

post central gyrus, superior parietal lobule, inferior parietal lobule

Question 13

What are the important parts of the medial surface of the parietal lobe?

Answer 13

precuneus

Question 14

What are the primary cortices?

Answer 14

motor, somatosensory, auditory, visual, olfactory

Question 15

What are the association cortices?

Answer 15

frontal association cortex, parietal association cortex, temporal association cortex, parieto-occipital association cortex

Question 16

What is different about our association cortices and other animals?

Answer 16

we have a lot more

Question 17

What is agnosia?

Answer 17

association cortices are damaged – can’t identify sensory information

Question 18

When you think of the limbic system, you should think:

Answer 18

CONNECTED

Question 19

Parietal lobe deals mostly with what?

Answer 19

sensation

Question 20

What is the post-central gyrus?

Answer 20

primary cortex; sensory strip

Question 21

What is function of the super parietal lobule?

Answer 21

association cortex

Question 22

What are the parts of the inferior parietal lobule, and what is their function?

Answer 22

angular gyrus, supramarginal gyrus; reading and writing

Question 23

what is the function of the cuneus?

Answer 23

lower vision field (but it’s higher in the brain)

Question 24

What is the function of the lingual gyrus?

Answer 24

upper vision field (but it’s below the cuneus in the brain)

Question 25

where are heschl's gyri and what is their function?

Answer 25

on the superior surface of the temporal lobe (but kind of underneath a little bit?); primary auditory cortex

Question 26

Where is wernicke's area?

Answer 26

superior temporal gyrus

Question 27

What are the functions of the insula?

Answer 27

gustatory and autonomic control

Question 28

people with damage to the cingulate gyrus may have what type of aphasia?

Answer 28

global -- but we're not sure of language functioning

Question 29

What is the function of the amygdala?

Answer 29

rage and aggression

Question 30

What are the parts of the limbic system?

Answer 30

cingulate gyrus, amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus

Question 31

what does the limbic system do?

Answer 31

the four essential f's - fight, flight, food, fucking

Question 32

What is the internal capsule?

Answer 32

links diencephalon and cerebrum

Question 33

What are the thalamic nuclei involved with language?

Answer 33

pulvinar, ventrolateral nucleus, ventral anterior nucleus, lateral geniculate body, medial geniculate body

Question 34

What is the function of the thalamus?

Answer 34

afferent input to cortex (except olfactory) integration of sensory and motor information regulates association areas in the cortex

Question 35

What is the function of the epithalamus?

Answer 35

emotion (endocrine/limbic system)

Question 36

what is the function of the subthalamus?

Answer 36

regulating motor movements, visuomotor coordination

Question 37

what is the function of the hypothalamus?

Answer 37

control center for ANS (homeostatic control, rest and digest, hormones, emotion)

Question 38

What are the major parts of the hypothalamus?

Answer 38

optic chiasm, maxillary bodies, pituitary gland, infundibulum, fornix

Question 39

What does the hypothalamus do?

Answer 39

connects other parts of the limbic system together

Question 40

What are the primary cortexes?

Answer 40

motor, somatosensory, auditory, visual, olfactory

Question 41

What are the association cortexes?

Answer 41

frontal, parietal, temporal, parieto-occipital

Question 42

what is agnosia?

Answer 42

when association cortexes are damaged

Question 43

The pons is the bridge between what?

Answer 43

brainstem and the cerebellum

Question 44

What does the cerebellum do?

Answer 44

coordinates motor function, involved in motor learning, intention and results

Question 45

cerebellar lesions results in _____ symptoms?

Answer 45

ipsilateral