Module 3 - Neuronal functioning

Question 1

What are the classes of molecules?

Answer 1

lipids, proteins, carbs, NAs

Question 2

What are the two types of proteins we need to know?

Answer 2

structural, globular

Question 3

What are the parts of animal cells?

Answer 3

bilipid membrane, nucleus, nucleolus, cytosol, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, cytoskeleton

Question 4

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 4

store energy

Question 5

What is the function of endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 5

build larger molecules

Question 6

What is the function of the golgi apparatus

Answer 6

move materials out of cells

Question 7

what is the purpose of lysozomes?

Answer 7

recycle

Question 8

What are the cations important to neural transmission?

Answer 8

K+, Ca2+, Na+

Question 9

What is the anion important to neural transmission?

Answer 9

Cl-

Question 10

Neural transmission requires us to know about:

Answer 10

electrochemical gradient, concentration gradient, selective permeability

Question 11

What are the types of channels and gates?

Answer 11

ligand, mechanical, voltage, na/k**

Question 12

How does a sodium/potassium pump work?

Answer 12

Opens one side at a time, first allowing three Na+ ions out and then two K+ ions in

Question 13

What is the purpose of the Na/K pump?

Answer 13

allows cell to stay at resting potential; if pumps weren’t working, cell would go to equilibrium

Question 14

na/k pump requires what?

Answer 14

constant supply of ATP

Question 15

What is passive transport?

Answer 15

any molecule of the correct shape allowed through

Question 16

what is active transport?

Answer 16

energy is expended to let molecules through

Question 17

Globular proteins will only allow what in?

Answer 17

whatever molecule fits the shape… only certain ones

Question 18

What are the three types of neurons?

Answer 18

Multipolar, bipolar, unipolar

Question 19

What are the two types of multipolar neurons?

Answer 19

Golgi Type I – projection (may extend out of the CNS)

Golgi Type II – local circuit

Question 20

What are the parts of a multipolar neuron?

Answer 20

soma (contains all organelles, maintains viability of cells), nissl substance, mitochondria, microtubules and filaments, dendrites

Question 21

What is Nissl substance?

Answer 21

special protein in rough ER, important for membrane upkeep

Question 22

Neurons have more of which organelle than other animal cells?

Answer 22

mitochondria (needs a constant supply of O2, ATP

Question 23

What is the purpose of microtubules and filaments?

Answer 23

maintain structure; main cytoskeletal tracks for axonal transport

Question 24

What are the two directions axonal transport can occur in?

Answer 24

anterograde (away from soma)

retrograde (toward soma)

Question 25

What is the structure of a multipolar neuron?

Answer 25

One axon, several dendrites

Question 26

What is the structure of a bipolar neuron?

Answer 26

one long dendrite, one long axon

Question 27

What is the structure of a unipolar neuron?

Answer 27

One long axon

Question 28

Where are bipolar neurons found/what is their function?

Answer 28

auditory, visual, vestibular, olfactory systems; sensory information

Question 29

Where are unipolar neurons found/what is their function?

Answer 29

mostly found in PNS; sensory neurons (raw sensory signal)

Question 30

What are the types of neuronal connections?

Answer 30

axodendritic, axoaxonic, en passant, dendrodendritic

Question 31

What is the "normal" type of neuronal connection?

Answer 31

axodendritic

Question 32

Which neuronal connection is involved in inhibitory action?

Answer 32

axosomatic

Question 33

what is an en passant synapse?

Answer 33

secondary stimulus that happens along the length of the axon?

Question 34

What is the resting potential of a cell?

Answer 34

-70 mV

Question 35

What is depolarization?

Answer 35

making the environment in a cell more POSITIVE (less of a difference between cell and environment)

Question 36

What is hyperpolarization?

Answer 36

making the environment in a cell more NEGATIVE (more of a difference between cell and environment

Question 37

What is an action potential?

Answer 37

series of depolarizations along the length of the axon (at the nodes of ranvier