Module 7 - Motor and Sensory Systems Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Module 7 - Motor and Sensory Systems Deck (43)
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1
Q

What do the premotor and supplementary motor areas do?

A

receive info from broca’s area and association areas of parietal lobe and pass info to primary motor cortex

2
Q

What does the premotor area get info about?

A

external cues; info about environment, where you are in space

3
Q

What does the supplementary motor area get info about?

A

internal cues - motor programs that are learned

4
Q

What are the functions of the basal ganglia?

A

regulate muscle tone, regulate ongoing movements, inhibit extraneous motor activity, motor learning

5
Q

Where does the basal ganglia get info from and where does that info go?

A

BG gets info from everywhere, sends it everywhere

6
Q

What is the neurophysiological consequence of damage to the basal ganglia?

A

loss of inhibitory control over motor behaviors

7
Q

What are some symptoms of damage to the BG?

A
dyskinesia - involuntary movement
bradykinesia - slow movement
hypokinesia - limited range of movement
postural abnormalities
altered muscle tone
8
Q

What are the types of dyskinesia?

A

athetosis - slow involuntary writing movements
ballism - violent, forceful flinging movements
chorea - involuntary, rhythmic movements
tremor - resting, action, postural, intention

9
Q

What are some diseases associated with the BG?

A

parkinsons, huntington’s, wilson’s (degeneration in basal ganglia, hereditary)

10
Q

What is parkinson’s?

A

destruction of dopamine producing cells

11
Q

What are the functions of the cerebellum?

A

muscle synergy, muscle tone, range of movement, strength of movement, equilibrium

12
Q

How does the cerebellum connect to the brainstem?

A

peduncles - superior (e), middle (a), inferior (a)

13
Q

The cerebellum receives extensive sensory input, but…

A

it is not involved in sensory discrimination or interpretation

14
Q

The cerebellum influences motor function, but…

A

when lesioned does not result in paralysis

15
Q

The cerebellum is involved in motor learning by…

A

modifying motor activity based on results of movement

16
Q

The cerebellum knows intention and results and so…

A

makes adjustments based on results

17
Q

The cerebellum receives info from

A

motor cortex
spinal cord
brainstem

18
Q

The cerebellum sends info to

A

thalamus, brainstem (red nucleus)

19
Q

Damage to the cerebrocerebellum results in what?

A

tremors

20
Q

Damage to the spinocerebellum results in what?

A

hypotonia, hypertonia

21
Q

Damage to the vestibulocerebellum results in what?

A

balance and gait problems

22
Q

What are some symptoms resulting from cerebellar damage?

A

ataxia, tremor, dysdiadochokinesia, dysmetria, rebound, disequilibrium

23
Q

What is ataxia?

A

discoordinated muscle activity (can be genetic or acquired)

24
Q

What kinds of tremors can be caused by cerebellar damage?

A

action, terminal (gets worse as limb approaches target), postural

25
Q

What is dysdiadochokinesia?

A

awkward performance of rapid alternating movements (pataka), disruption of rhythmic movements

26
Q

What is dysmetria?

A

impairment in judging distance to target (over or undershoot when reaching for something)

27
Q

what is rebound?

A

inability of agonist and antagonist to adapt to rapid changes in load

28
Q

What is disequilibrium?

A

unsteady, lurching gait, appearing drunk, exaggerated movements of legs (trying to overcompensate), tendency to fall

29
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

LMN + group of muscle fiber

30
Q

What are the three things muscles can do?

A

contract, relax, stretch

31
Q

What are the kinds of proprioceptors?

A
stretch receptors (spindles within each muscle - intrafusal fibers)
tension receptors - golgi tendon organs, within tendons 
joint receptors
32
Q

what are extrafusal fibers?

A

contractile elements, under direction control of LMN (alpha motor neuron)

33
Q

What are intrafusal fibers?

A

muscle spindles, under control of gamma motor neuron?, have proprioreceptors – feedback
influenced by cerebellum, basal ganglia, and extrapyramidal system

34
Q

What is the importance of gamma loops?

A

they give us muscle tone; allow us to sit up and stuff.

35
Q

What are the muscle conditions we learned about?

A

paresis, paralysis, fasciculation, fibrillations

36
Q

What is paresis?

A

some alpha motor neurons are damaged

37
Q

What is paralysis

A

all motor neurons damaged

38
Q

What is fasciculation?

A

rippling muscles, spontaneous discharge

39
Q

What are the types of pyramidal pathways?

A

corticobulbar (corticonuclear), corticospinal

40
Q

What are first order sensory neurons?

A

innervate sense organ in PNS; ipsilateral

41
Q

What are second order sensory neurons?

A

projection neurons located in brain stem or spinal cord, point of deccusation, go to thalamus

42
Q

What are third order sensory neuron ?

A

cerebral cortex, primary sensory cortex

43
Q

What are the transducers for the somasthetic system?

A

tactile system receptors (non-discriminative and discriminative touch)
free nerve endings (pain, cold, heat)
proprioception and
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