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Social Psychology > Module 2: Major Concepts of Social Psychology > Flashcards

Module 2: Major Concepts of Social Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

It refers to the part of an individual’s self-concept or self-identity that is influenced by their interactions and relationships with others within a social context.

A

Social Self

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2
Q

Social Self:
“___” versus “___”

A

“Me” versus “I”

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3
Q

It represents how a person perceives themselves in relation to the social world and how they believe others perceive them.

A

Social Self

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4
Q

a fundamental aspect of human identity, and it is shaped by various social and cultural factors.

A

Social Self

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5
Q

Concepts under Social Self (9)

A
  • Self-Concept
  • Self-Esteem
  • Social Identity
  • Self-Presentation
  • Self-Verification
  • Self-Perception
  • Self-Enhancement
  • Cultural and Gender Identity
  • Self-Regulation
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6
Q

It refers to the ways in which individuals’ thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are affected by the real or imagined presence or actions of others.

A

Social Influence

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7
Q

It encompasses the processes through which people conform to or diverge from the norms, values, and behaviors of a social group.

A

Social Influence

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8
Q

fundamental aspect of human interaction and plays a significant role in shaping our behavior and decision-making.

A

Social Influence

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9
Q

results from a specific action, command, or request, but people also alter their attitudes and behaviors in response to what they perceive others might do or think.

A

Social Influence

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10
Q

Concepts under Social Influence (9)

A
  • Conformity
  • Compliance
  • Obedience
  • Minority influence
  • Group polarization
  • Social norms
  • Social roles
  • Deindividuation
  • Groupthink
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11
Q

These social relations influence individuals’ thoughts, feelings, behaviors, attitudes, and overall well-being.

A

Social Relations

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12
Q

It comprises the ways in which individuals adjust their behavior to meet the demands of a social environment.

A

Social Influence

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13
Q

Refer to the interactions, connections, and relationships that individuals have with one another within a social context.

A

Social Relations

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14
Q

It takes many forms and can be seen in conformity, socialization, peer pressure, obedience, leadership, persuasion, sales, and marketing.

A

Social Influence

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15
Q
A
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16
Q

These interactions can take various forms, from one-on-one interpersonal relationships to group dynamics and broader societal structures.

A

Social Relations

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17
Q

Concepts under Social Relations (8)

A
  • Interpersonal relationships
  • Group dynamics
  • Social networks
  • Intergroup relations
  • Conflict resolution
  • Cooperation and competition
  • Power and authority
  • Altruism and reciprocity
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18
Q

Social Psychology is the Scientific study of:

A
  • Social Thinking
  • Social Influence
  • Social Relations
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19
Q

Social Self, Influence, and Relations are interwoven because social interactions and relationships shape an individual’s ______, _______, and ______

A

self-concept, values, and behaviors.

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20
Q

social feedback and conformity can influence an
individual’s ______ and ____

A

self-esteem and identity.

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20
Q

quality of _______ and ________ can impact the extent to which individuals conform or comply with group norms.

A

interpersonal relationships and group dynamics

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21
Q

Application of Social Psychology (5)

A
  1. Industry and Corporate Environments
  2. Organizational and Institutional Dynamics
  3. Guidance and Counselling
  4. Mental Health Practice
  5. Marketing and Business Operations
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22
Q

Albert Bandura’s Notable works:

A
  • Social Learning Theory
  • Aggression
  • Social Cognitive Theory
  • Self Efficacy
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23
Q

Canadian – American Social Psychologist

A

Albert Bandura

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24
Q

Elements of SLT:
* In order to learn, observers must attend to the modeled behavior.
* Impacted by characteristics of the observer (perceptual abilities, cognitive abilities, arousal, past performance) and characteristics of the behavior or event (relevance, novelty, affective
valence, and functional value).

A

Attention

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25
Q

Elements of SLT:
* Copying or duplication of information or an artifact based on an instance of that information or artifact, and not using the process that originally generated it.
* Only possible to a limited degree of accuracy; there is some inevitable generation loss, deterioration and accumulation of random small changes from original to copy when copies are made.
* This deterioration accumulates with each generation.

A

Reproduction

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26
Q

4 Elements of SLT

A
  1. Attention
  2. Retention
  3. Reproduction
  4. Motivation
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27
Q

Elements of SLT:
* In order to reproduce an observed behavior, observers must be able to remember features of the behavior.
* Influenced by observer characteristics (cognitive capabilities, cognitive rehearsal) and event characteristics (complexity).
* The cognitive processes
underlying retention are visual
and verbal.

A

Retention

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28
Q

New behaviors can be acquired by observing and imitating others.

A

Social Learning Theory

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29
Q

Elements of SLT:
* The decision to reproduce (or refrain from reproducing) an observed behavior is dependent on the motivations and expectations of the observer, including anticipated consequences and internal standards.
* Motivational factors are driven by the functional value of different behaviors in a given environment.

A

Motivation

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30
Q

_______ is a cognitive process that takes place in a social context and can occur purely through observation or direct instruction, even in the absence of motor reproduction or direct reinforcement.

A

Learning (SLT)

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31
Q

Learning also occurs through the observation of rewards and punishments, a process known as _________

A

vicarious
reinforcement.

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32
Q

When a particular behavior is rewarded regularly, it will most likely ____; conversely, if a particular behavior is constantly punished, it will most likely ____.

A

Rewarded = persist
Punished = desist

33
Q

the process of convincing the self that ethical standards do not apply to oneself in a particular context.

-done by separating moral reactions from inhumane conduct and disabling the mechanism of self-condemnation.

A

Moral disengagement

33
Q

Process involve in Moral Disengagement

A

cognitive re-
construing or re-framing

34
Q

Mechanisms of Moral Disengagement (8)

A
  1. Moral Justification
  2. Euphemistic Language
  3. Advantageous Comparison
  4. Displacement of Responsibility
  5. Diffusion of Responsibility
  6. Misrepresenting the Harm
  7. Ascription of Blame
  8. Stripping people of human qualities or investing the with demonic attributes
35
Q

Detrimental conduct justified as serving socially worthy and moral purposes

A

Moral Justification

36
Q

Obscuring and minimizing one’s agentive role in harm

A

Diffusion of Responsibility

37
Q

Ascribing blame for damage to other agents

A

Displacement of Responsibility

38
Q

Distorting, minimizing or disbelieving the harmful effects

A

Mispresenting the Harm

39
Q

Language that sanitizes harmful conduct

A

Euphemistic Language

40
Q

Stripping people of human qualities or investing them with demonic attributes.

A

Dehumanizing

41
Q

Contrasting harmful conduct with highly flagrant acts or atrocities

A

Advantageous Comparison

42
Q

Blaming the victim for their own plight

A

Ascription of Blame

43
Q

When people observe a model performing a behavior and the consequences of that behavior, they remember the sequence of events and use this information to guide subsequent behaviors.

A

Social Cognitive Theory

44
Q

Observing a _____ can also prompt the viewer to engage in behavior they already learned.

A

model

45
Q

People do not learn new behaviors solely by trying them and either succeeding or failing, but rather, the survival of humanity is dependent
upon the _____ of the actions of others.

A

replication

46
Q

Depending on whether people are _____ or ______ for their behavior and the outcome of the behavior, the observer may choose to replicate behavior modeled.

A

rewarded or punished

47
Q

3 Factors under Social Cognitive Theory

A
  1. Cognitive Factors (“Personal Factors”)
  2. Behavioral Factors
  3. Environmental Factors
48
Q

Under Behavioral Factors

A
  • Skills
  • Practice
  • Self-Efficacy
48
Q

Under Cognitive Factors

A
  • Knowledge
  • Expectations
  • Attitudes
49
Q

Under Environmental Factors

A
  • Social Norms
  • Access in Community
  • Influence on others (ability to change own environment)
50
Q
  • An individual’s belief in their capacity to act in the ways necessary to reach specific goals.
  • Strongly influences both the power a person actually has to face challenges competently and the choices a person is most likely to make.
  • Promotes human accomplishment and personal well-being
A

Self-Efficacy Theory

51
Q

4 Determinants of Efficacy Judgements

A
  1. Vicarious Experience
  2. Physiological Feedback
  3. Verbal Persuasion
  4. Performance Outcome
52
Q
  • Social psychology principles inform teaching methods,
    classroom management, and strategies for enhancing student motivation and engagement.
  • Special needs students
  • Children at risk
A

Education and Teaching

53
Q

Educators use techniques such as active learning, group dynamics, and peer collaboration to create effective learning environments.

  • Mainstreaming
  • Individualized lesson plans
A

Education and Teaching

54
Q
  • Social psychology contributes to health behavior change interventions, such as smoking cessation programs, weight management, and promoting healthy habits.
  • Rehabilitation programs
A

Health and Wellness

55
Q
  • Understanding social influences on health-related decisions helps design more effective health campaigns.
  • Mass health programs
A

Health and Wellness

56
Q
  • Social psychology contributes to understanding and promoting pro-environmental behaviors.
A

Health and Wellness

57
Q
  • Advertising agencies and marketers utilize social psychology concepts to create persuasive advertising campaigns.
  • BOGO
  • Discounts
A

Marketing and Advertising

58
Q
  • Businesses and customer service
    professionals use social psychology to improve customer interactions, handle complaints, and build customer loyalty.
A

Marketing and Advertising

59
Q

Techniques like social proof, scarcity, and emotional appeals are employed to influence consumer behavior and
decision-making.

  • Exclusive offers
  • Limited time offers
  • Advocacy campaigns
A

Marketing and Advertising

60
Q
  • Mediators use communication, empathy, and negotiation skills informed by social psychology principles to facilitate conflict resolution.
  • Peace corps
  • Diplomatic relations
A

Conflict Resolution and Mediation

61
Q
  • Social psychology provides strategies for resolving conflicts and disputes, both in personal relationships and organizational settings.
  • Negotiations
  • Bargaining
A

Conflict Resolution and Mediation

62
Q
  • Social psychology informs police practices, witness testimonies, and criminal justice policies.
A

Conflict Resolution and Mediation

62
Q
  • Managers and leaders apply social psychology concepts to motivate employees, build cohesive teams, and foster positive organizational culture.
A

Leadership and Management

63
Q
  • Understanding group dynamics, leadership styles, and employee motivation contributes to effective leadership.
A

Leadership and Management

64
Q
  • Training programs often incorporate social psychology research to reduce stereotypes and prejudice.
A

Diversity and Inclusion

65
Q

Organizations use social psychology insights to create inclusive workplaces, address bias and discrimination, and promote diversity and equity.

A

Diversity and Inclusion:

66
Q
  • Parents and families use social psychology principles to understand child development, sibling relationships, and parenting strategies.
A

Parenting and Family Dynamics:

67
Q

Knowledge of child psychology, attachment theory, and socialization informs parenting practices.

A

Parenting and Family Dynamics:

68
Q
  • Visualization techniques, goal setting, and team-building exercises are influenced by social psychology research.
A

Sports and Athletic Performance

69
Q
  • Coaches and athletes apply social psychology concepts to enhance team cohesion, motivation, and performance.
A

Sports and Athletic Performance

70
Q

“People can develop high or low self-efficacy vicariously through other people’s performances. A person can watch another perform and then compare their own competence with the other individual’s competence”

A

Vicarious Experiences

71
Q

“People experience sensations from their body and how they perceive this emotional arousal influences their beliefs of efficacy”

A

Physiological Feedback

72
Q

“Self-efficacy is influenced by encouragement and discouragement pertaining to an individual’s performance or ability to perform”

A

Verbal Persuasion

73
Q

“Positive and negative experiences can influence the ability of an individual to performs a given task. If one has performed well at a task previously, he or she is more likely to feel competent and perform well at a similarly associated task”

A

Performance Outcomes

74
Q

Subjective, Internal, and meaning changes overtime

A

“I”
example - I love you could turn to I hate you

75
Q

Objective and External

A

“Me”
Example - Ethnicity and Gender

76
Q

The social self is a fundamental aspect of human identity, and it is shaped by various ____ and _____

A

social and cultural factors.

Social Psychology (5 decks)

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