Module 2 Study Guide

Question 1

What present-day countries make up Scandinavia?

Answer 1

Denmark, Norway, Sweden

Question 2

What technology allowed the Vikings to travel the North Atlantic seas better?

Answer 2

The longship

Question 3

Four reasons exploration became necessary for European trade

Answer 3

1. Merchants needed gold and silver
2. Craftsmen needed raw materials
3. People wanted products only found in Asia
4. Tradesmen needed safe route to Asia

Question 4

Three reasons that Europeans began to explore the world

Answer 4

1. Trade with Asia
2. Expand religion
3. Learn more about Asian culture

Question 5

What agreement was made between Columbus and Queen Isabella of Spain?

Answer 5

1. The king & queen would sponsor his voyage
2. Spain would get all discovered objects of value
3. Any found land would be claimed in the name of Spain

Question 6

Where was Columbus from, and for who did he work?

Answer 6

Italy, Spain

Question 7

What year did Columbus sail?

Answer 7

1492

Question 8

Where did Columbus think he was when he landed in the Bahamas?

Answer 8

Asia

Question 9

Significance of Magellan’s voyage

Answer 9

First people to circumnavigate the world

Question 10

Who is credited for being the first man to circle the world, although he died before completing the voyage, and where did he die?

Answer 10

Magellan, Killed by Natives in the Philippines

Question 11

What allowed Cortes to conquer the Aztecs?

Answer 11

1. Better weapons
2. Capturing the Aztec leader

Question 12

What killed the majority of Native Americans?

Answer 12

European diseases

Question 13

What were the three types of settlements the Spanish established in New Spain?

Answer 13

1. Pueblos
2. Missions
3. Presidios

Question 14

What road was known as the “Royal Road?”

Answer 14

El Camino Real

Question 15

What was the purpose of the El Camino Real?

Answer 15

To connect Spanish settlements

Question 16

What was Bartolome de Las Casas’ view on Native American treatment?

Answer 16

They should be treated with love, kindness, and gentleness

Question 17

Who started the Protestant Reformation?

Answer 17

Martin Luther

Question 18

What invention allowed ideas to quickly spread throughout Europe?

Answer 18

The printing press

Question 19

What was the intended purpose of the Spanish Armada?

Answer 19

1. Invade England
2. Overthrow Queen Elizabeth

Question 20

Why did the Spanish Armada lose to England?

Answer 20

The English had faster ships

Question 21

Why did the Spanish economy experience a decline?

Answer 21

Inflation from imported gold

Question 22

What event marked the tipping point, where Spain began to lose power overseas?

Answer 22

The loss of the Spanish Armada

Question 23

Name three explorers who searched for the Northwest Passage

Answer 23

John Cabot, Giovanni de Verrazano, Jacques Carter, and Henry Hudson

Question 24

What was the overall result of the search for the Northwest Passage?

Answer 24

Increased European interest in North America

Question 25

What country joined the exploration of North America because of the search for the Northwest Passage?

Answer 25

The Netherlands

Question 26

Three results of Columbus' voyages

Answer 26

1. Increased political tensions in Europe 2. Increase in exploration 3. Search for Northwest passage & trade routes to Asia

Question 27

Astrolabe

Answer 27

Device used for navigation that tracked the movement of the stars

Question 28

Caravel

Answer 28

Ship that used triangular sail (didn't require for wind to be blowing in a certain direction)

Question 29

Line of Demarcation

Answer 29

Line dividing exploration, Spain could explore to the west, Portugal could explore to the east

Question 30

Who made the Line of Demarcation, and where were they from?

Answer 30

Pope Alexander VI, Spain

Question 31

Treaty of Tordesillas

Answer 31

Moved the line 800 miles west to avoid war

Question 32

After the Treaty of Tordesillas, where was Spain allowed to conquer?

Answer 32

North and South America, other than Brazil

Question 33

After the Treaty of Tordesillas, where was Portugal allowed to conquer?

Answer 33

All unclaimed land other than North and South America, and Brazil

Question 34

Circumnavigate

Answer 34

Go all the way around the world

Question 35

Conquistador

Answer 35

Spanish explorers who led military groups in the America's

Question 36

Plantation

Answer 36

Large farms that grew only one type of crop

Question 37

Protestant Reformation

Answer 37

Protest that the Roman Catholic Church abused power

Question 38

Protestants

Answer 38

Reformers who protested practices of the Roman Catholic Church

Question 39

Northwest Passage

Answer 39

Passageway that would allow ships to travel above North America, from the Atlantic to Pacific Ocean

Question 40

Charter

Answer 40

Document giving permission to start a colony

Question 41

Vasco da Gama

Answer 41

Portugal Born 1460 Discovered way to reach Asia by traveling around Africa

Question 42

Henry the Navigator

Answer 42

Portugal 1419 Build first school of navigation in Sagres, Portugal

Question 43

Ponce de Leon

Answer 43

Spain Discovered Florida, searched for gold, Native Americans in Cuba told him about the "Fountain of Youth"

Question 44

Pizarro

Answer 44

Born in 1479 Spain Conquered Inca, destroyed Incan capitol

Question 45

Hernan Cortes

Answer 45

Born in 1485 Spain Conquered the Aztecs

Question 46

Henry Hudson

Answer 46

Born in 1500's England Wanted to find Northwest Passage. discovered many waterways instead

Question 47

What waterways were discovered by Henry Hudson?

Answer 47

1. Hudson River 2. Hudson Bay 3. Hudson Straight

Question 48

John Cabot

Answer 48

Born in 1450 Italy Found the Northwest passage

Question 49

Jacques Cartier

Answer 49

1491 France Established French presence in North America

Question 50

Portugal, Spain, England, France, The Netherlands: What was the relationship between each and the Native Americans?

Answer 50

Portugal: Bad, began African slave trade Spain: Bad, conquered Inca/Aztecs England: Mixed, Learned from natives, fought with natives France: Good, allied with natives, traded with natives The Netherlands: Bad, fought with natives

Question 51

Primary Sources

Answer 51

Immediate, first-hand accounts. Diaries, original research, photographs

Question 52

Secondary Sources

Answer 52

One step removed from primary sources. Biographies, analysis/interpretation of data, documentaries

Question 53

Columbian Exchange

Answer 53

Trade of goods between North America and Europe

Question 54

Middle Passage

Answer 54

Slave trade between Africa and the Americas

Question 55

What are the three G's, which were reasons for exploration?

Answer 55

1. God 2. Gold 3. Glory