module 27 Flashcards
neural modality
type of information carried in a nerve
general somatic sensory
sense of touch, proprioception, pain & temp
general somatic motor
conscious motor innervation of skeletal muscles
general visceral sensory
unconscious sensation from our visceral structures (organs, glands, blood vessels)
general visceral motor
unconscious motor innervation to cardiac or smooth muscle and glands
special sensory
vision, audition, taste, vestibulation and smell
first three CN
olfactory (I), optic (II), oculomotor (III)
CN IV - VII
Trochlear (IV), Trigeminal (V), Abducens (VI), Facial (VII)
CN VIII - XI
Vestibulocochlear (VIII), Glossopharyngeal (IX), Vagus (X), Accessory (XI), Hypoglossal (XII)
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olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal
olfactory (CN I)
special sensory (olfaction)
skill passageway: Cribriform plate foramina of ethmoid
optic nerve (CN II)
special sensory (vision)
skill passageway: optic canal
oculomotor nerve (CN III)
- somatic motor - 4/6 extrinsic eye muscles, superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, and inferior oblique. Also innervates one muscle of facial expression that is located in the orbit, the levator palpebrae superioris.
- visceral motor - sphincter pupillae and the ciliary muscle (ciliary ganglion)
skill passageway: superior orbital fissure
trochlear nerve (CN IV)
somatic motor: Innervates the superior oblique, an extrinsic eye muscle
skull passageway: superior orbital fissure
trigeminal nerve (CN V)
somatic sensory (all face) & somatic motor (just jaw)
- somatic motor: four muscles of mastication as well as the myelohyoid, anterior belly of the digastric, tensor tympani, and tensor veli palatini muscles. These are only innervated by the mandibular division.
- somatic sensory: sense of touch, temperature, proprioception, pain from face
V1: cornea, nose, forehead, anterior scalp
V2: nasal mucosa, palate, gums, cheek
V3: anterior 2/3 tongue, meninges, skin of the chin, lower jaw, lower teeth, part of the ear
skull passageway: superior orbital fissure for opthalamic division
(split into three divisions)
abducens nerve (CN VI)
somatic motor: Innervates the lateral rectus, an extrinsic eye muscle
Skull passageway: Superior orbital fissure
facial nerve (CN VII)
- Special sensory: Taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
- Visceral motor: Innervates and promotes secretion from several glands of the head and neck
Some preganglionic parasympathetic fibers synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion. Postganglionic fibers leaving this ganglion travel to the lacrimal gland and other glands scattered in the mucosa of the nasal cavity, oral cavity, palate, and pharynx
Some preganglionic parasympathetic fibers synapse in the submandibular ganglion. Postganglionic fibers leaving this ganglion travel to the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. - Visceral sensory: Monitoring the secretion from the glands above
- Somatic sensory: Sense of touch from a small area behind the ear
- Somatic motor: Innervates the muscles of facial expression (except levator palpebrae superioris, which is innervated by CN III) as well as the posterior belly of the digastric, stylohyoid, and stapedius muscles
Skull passageway:
Enters internal acoustic meatus, exits stylomastoid foramen
Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII)
special sensory: cochlear branch (audition), vestibular branch (equilibrium and balance)
skull passageway: internal acoustic meatus
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)
- Special sensory: Taste from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
- Somatic sensory: Sense of touch, temperature, pain from the pharynx
- Visceral motor: Innervates and promotes secretion from the parotid gland, a salivary gland
Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers synapse in the otic ganglion, then postganglionic fibers travel to the parotid gland - Visceral sensory: Monitors secretion from the parotid gland, also monitors oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood via the carotid bodies, which are located at the point where the common carotid artery branches into the internal and external carotid arteries
- Somatic motor: Innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle
Skull passageway: Jugular foramen
Vagus nerve (CN X)
- Special sensory: Taste from the base of the tongue, epiglottis, upper pharynx
- Visceral motor: Innervates the heart, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs, midgut and hindgut organs
- Visceral sensory: Monitors contraction of smooth and cardiac muscle and secretion from glands in the organs above
- Somatic sensory: Sense of touch, pain, and temperature from the external acoustic meatus, eardrum, laryngopharynx, larynx
- Somatic motor: Muscles of the pharynx, including the pharyngeal constrictors, muscles of the larynx and palate
Recurrent laryngeal nerve: Branches in the thorax, left loops under the arch of the aorta, returns to neck to innervate laryngeal muscles
Skull passageway: Jugular foramen
CN XI: Accessory Nerve
Somatic motor: Innervates the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles
Skull passageway: Jugular foramen
CN XII: Hypoglossal Nerve
Somatic motor: Innervates the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue
Skull passageway: Hypoglossal canal
how to test CN I
have them smell something
how to test CN II
have them read something
