MODULE 3

Question 1

The Cell was first described by Robert Hooke from a

Answer 1

thin slice of cork

Question 2

fundamental unit of life

Answer 2

cell

Question 3

What is the cell theory?

Answer 3

-All living things are composed of one or more cells
-Cells are the fundamental building block of life
-All cells come from pre-existing cells (life begets life)

Question 4

lipid and protein layer surrounding the cytoplasm

Answer 4

cell membrane

Question 5

rigid outer layer of the cell, of varying chemical composistion

Answer 5

cell wall

Question 6

the hereditary material, DNA

Answer 6

Nuclear Material

Question 7

Contains organelles, enzymes, chemicals. It is the site of most cellular metabolic activity

Answer 7

cytoplasm

Question 8

What are the properties of all cells?

Answer 8

Compartmentalization and metabolism
Growth
Evolution

Question 9

Cell is ____ (open or close) system

Answer 9

open

Question 10

Chemicals from the environment are turned into new cells under the genetic direction
of preexisting cells.

Answer 10

growth

Question 11

Cells contain ____ and evolve to display new biological properties.

Answer 11

genes

Question 12

What are the properties of some cells?

Answer 12

motility
differentiation
communication

Question 13

Some cells are capable of self-_____ through flagella

Answer 13

propulsion

Question 14

Some cells can form new cell structures such as a spore, usually as part of a cellular life cycle.

Answer 14

differentiation

Question 15

Many cells communicate or interact by means of _____ that are released or taken up.

Answer 15

chemicals

Question 16

Prokaryotic is a greek word for

Answer 16

before the nucleus

Question 17

always have a cell wall, a plasma membrane and a cytoplasm that contains a nucleoid and many ribosomes

Answer 17

prokaryotic

Question 18

Eukaryotic means ______ in Greek

Answer 18

true nucleus

Question 19

always have a plasma membrane, a membrane- bound nucleus, and a cytoplasm that contains a cytoskeleton and membranous organelles, in addiQon to ribosomes

Answer 19

eukaryotic

Question 20

Prime example of prokaryotes

Answer 20

archaea and bacteria

Question 21

In Prokaryotes, DNA appears as a granular structure associated with the membrane

Answer 21

nucleoid

Question 22

Only approximately 3% of the nucleoid is

Answer 22

DNA

Question 23

Genetic material of prokaryotes consists of _______ DNA molecule

Answer 23

one single circular

Question 24

Prokaryotes also frequently carry one or more smaller independent circular DNAs called for

Answer 24

plasmids or episomes

Question 25

do not integrate into the main chromosome

Answer 25

plasmids

Question 26

can reside in the cell as independent molecules or can integrate into the main chromosome.

Answer 26

episomes

Question 27

Allow transfer of genetic information from one cell to another by means of

Answer 27

conjugation

Question 28

Genome is approx. _____ long

Answer 28

4.7 Mbp

Question 29

Dimensions of prokaryotes cell

Answer 29

1.5 x 2 to 6 um

Question 30

are characterized by a nuclear membrane that surrounds their geneQc patrimonium.

Answer 30

eukaryotes

Question 31

is an organelle with a diameter of several μm and is mostly visible in the light microscope.

Answer 31

nucleus

Question 32

How many pores do eukaryotes have?

Answer 32

3,000 to 4,000

Question 33

DNA replication and transcription take place in

Answer 33

nucleus

Question 34

protein synthesis occurs in

Answer 34

cytoplasm

Question 35

Arrange from top to bottom Species class domain phylum genus kingdom order family

Answer 35

domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species

Question 36

16S and 18S what is S

Answer 36

Svedberg unit

Question 37

relates to the mass and density of a molecule

Answer 37

svedberg unit

Question 38

The nuclear material of prokaryotes typically consists of a single type of DNA molecule, called a

Answer 38

chromosome

Question 39

Some bacteria also have nonchromosomal DNAin their cells called

Answer 39

plasmids

Question 40

prokaryotes have only one copy of DNAand are called

Answer 40

haploid

Question 41

has proposed that eukaryotic organisms, the Eucarya , evolved through a fusion event between an ancestor of the Bacteria ancestor of the Archaea

Answer 41

zillig

Question 42

theory of endosymbiotic evolution

Answer 42

Lynn Margulis

Question 43

The archaea is ______ (esther or ether) linked

Answer 43

ether

Question 44

what is the ribosome size or eukarya?

Answer 44

80S

Question 45

All known disease-causing (pathogenic) prokaryotes are

Answer 45

bacteria

Question 46

a major group (phylum) of gram negative bacteria

Answer 46

proteobacteria

Question 47

What are the two phyla that exist in the domain Archaea?

Answer 47

Euryarchaeota Crenarchaeota

Question 48

Most cultured Archaea are

Answer 48

extremophiles

Question 49

system for naming organisms

Answer 49

nomenclature

Question 50

nomenclature was established in 1735 by

Answer 50

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 51

Genus + specific epithet

Answer 51

binomial system

Question 52

The name of the bacteria is _____ when handwritten or _____ when computerized

Answer 52

underlined (handwritten) italicized (computerized)

Question 53

are geneQc elements that cannot replicate independently of a living cell

Answer 53

viruses

Question 54

viruses have an ______ that enables them to exist outside the host and that facilitates transmission from one host cell to another.

Answer 54

extracellular form

Question 55

To mulQply, viruses must enter a cell in which they can replicate, a process called

Answer 55

infection

Question 56

Some viruses cannot infect a host cell alone and rely on other viruses, known as

Answer 56

helper viruses

Question 57

for which no intact version of the same virus exists; these defective viruses rely on unrelated viruses as helpers.

Answer 57

satellite viruses

Question 58

are infectious RNA molecules that differ from viruses in lacking a capsid.

Answer 58

viroids

Question 59

are small, circular, single-stranded RNA molecules that are the smallest known pathogens.

Answer 59

viroids

Question 60

TRUE OR FALSE: Viroids infect animals or prokaryotes.

Answer 60

FALSE

Question 61

are infectious agent composed of protein in a misfolded form.

Answer 61

Prions

Question 62

is a gene in your DNA which encodes for prion protein

Answer 62

PRNP gene

Question 63

is a protein on the surface of your cells

Answer 63

Prion protein or PrP

Question 64

When a pathogenic prion enters a host cell that is expressing native prion protein, it promotes the conversion of ____ protein into _____

Answer 64

PrPc to PrPSc

Question 65

the pathogenic prion does not subvert host enzymes or genes as a virus does; rather, it _____ by converting native prion proteins that already exist in the host cell into the _______

Answer 65

replicates pathogenic form

Question 66

discovery of archaea in 70s by

Answer 66

Carl Woese

Question 67

The genus of the bacterium Escherichia coli is named for a scientist

Answer 67

Theodor Escherich