Module 3

Question 1

Political Set-Up

Origin of Barangay Term

specify culture and country

Answer 1

maritime culture
balanghai/balanghay (Malay) - a boat used to transport to shores

Question 2

Political Set-Up

What is the typical size of a barangay? Why?

Answer 2

30 - 100 families (size of the barangay = how many can ride a boat)

Question 3

Political Set-Up

What kind of state can be related to a barangay? Why?

Answer 3

State of Anarchy
No national or central government as proved by the multiplicity of barangays

Question 4

Political Set-Up

What is the Chieftain of each independent barangay called?

Answer 4

Datu/Rajah

title to adopt → depende sa leader

Question 5

Political Set-up

Where did the name Rajah come from?

Answer 5

Indianization

Question 6

What cultures did the PH adopt from merchants?

Answer 6

Indianization
Sinicization - Sino - China
Islamization

Question 7

Political Set-Up

What is the primary duty of Datu/Rajah?

2

Answer 7

rule and govern subjects
promote their welfare and interest

Question 8

Political Set-Up

What is the social contract between the Datu/Rajah and their barangay?

Answer 8

surrender power to Datu/Rajah for protection in return

Question 9

Political Set-Up

What government functions does the Datu/Rajah do?

Answer 9

All (Executive, Legislator, Judge)
Supreme Commander

in times of war

Question 10

Political Set-Up

What are the differences between Barangays by datu leadership before and the PH government now?

2

Answer 10

Barangays by datu leadership → not centrally ruled nor based on abstract principles or institutions

Question 11

Political Set-Up

How did barangays formed networks?

Answer 11

personal loyalties and marriage alliances

Question 12

Political Set-Up

What did Datu/Rajah need to form alliances?

Answer 12

personal achievement and diplomatic skills

Question 13

In pre-colonial period what was warfare about?

Answer 13

seizing slaves/dependents

Question 14

Political Set-Up

What are the political units of Muslim communities?

Answer 14

Sultanato and Sultanate

Question 15

Political Set-Up

Who headed a Sultanato ?

Answer 15

Sultan

Question 16

Political Set-Up

What do you call the advisors of a Sultan?

Answer 16

Ruma Bichara (council of trusted advisors)

Question 17

Political Set-Up

What are some prominent Sultans?

Answer 17

Maguindanao and Sulu, Manila (sultans from Sultanate of Brunei)

Question 18

Social Classes

What was the Pre-Colonial Social Heirarchy?

Answer 18

Nobles
Freemen
Dependent

Question 19

Social Classes

What differs from the general classification of social classes in PH to other countries?

Answer 19

there was mobility in the PH, you can change ranks

Question 20

Social Classes

Who was the Nobles? What did they have?

Answer 20

Chiefs + family
Highest - greatest influence and many rights

Question 21

Social Classes

Nobles in Tagalog

Answer 21

Gat or Lakan

Gat - national heroes

Question 22

Social Classes

Who was the Freemen? What did they have?

Answer 22

Earned freedom from being dependents

Question 23

Social Classes

Freemen in Tagalog

Answer 23

maharlikas /mahadlikas

Question 24

Social Classes

Freemen in Visayas

Answer 24

Timawas

Question 25

# Social Classes How does a Dependent acquire their status? | 5

Answer 25

Inheritance Captivity in war Failing to pay debt Purchase (was bought) Committing a crime | criminal (decided from boiling hot oil)

Question 26

# Social Classes Dependents in Tagalog

Answer 26

Alipin

Question 27

# Social Classes) Kinds of Alipin (Dependents in Tagalog)

Answer 27

Aliping Namamahay Aliping Sagigilid

Question 28

# Social Classes What does the Aliping Sagigilid have? | 3

Answer 28

No property Lived with master Cannot marry without master’s consent

Question 29

# Social Classes What does the Aliping Namamahay have? | 2 and specify

Answer 29

Has own family and house Serves master when needed (plantation, harvest season, house construction, etc.)

Question 30

# Social Classes Dependents in Visayas

Answer 30

uripon

Question 31

# Social Classes Kinds of Uripon (Dependents in Visayas)

Answer 31

Tumataban Tumarampuk Ayuey

Question 32

# Social Classes When does the Tumataban work?

Answer 32

Works when summoned

Question 33

# Social Classes When does the Tumarampuk work?

Answer 33

1 day/week

Question 34

# Social Classes When does the Ayuey work?

Answer 34

3 days/week

Question 35

# Gender There were customary laws that gave women equal rights as men. What rights were they allowed through this?

Answer 35

Inheriting property Engaging in trade and industry Succeeding as chieftain (if no male heir)

Question 36

# Gender What are Babaylans in Visayan?

Answer 36

Katalonans

Question 37

# Gender Pre-colonial women who had equal, and even greater rights than men

Answer 37

Babaylan

Question 38

# Gender How did Babaylans became evidence for pre-colonial non-binary identites?

Answer 38

Cross-dressing men can be babaylans as long as they dress feminine

Question 39

# Gender What do Babaylans do?

Answer 39

Spiritual leaders (communicate with spirits) manggagamot

Question 40

# Gender Who were the Binukots?

Answer 40

Daughter of rulers who were kept hidden to preserve their beauty

Question 41

# Gender What were the roles of a Binukot?

Answer 41

To be wed to other chieftain’s sons (for diplomatic ties) Oral historians (Memorize epics and narrate it to the next)

Question 42

# Spiritual/Religious Beliefs What was the pre-colonial belief about death?

Answer 42

immortality of soul and life after death

Question 43

# Spiritual/Religious Beliefs What was the animistic belief? Why did they have this belief?

Answer 43

Seeing and worshiping divinity in the surrounding environment Divinity had power to give life or bring harm so mortals have to pray to the spirits (most powerful)

Question 44

# Spiritual/Religious Beliefs How were rituals based?

Answer 44

According to belief and ranking

Question 45

# Spiritual/Religious Beliefs Creator of earth and man (ranking deity) God of Agriculture Goddess of Harvest

Answer 45

Bathalang Maykapal Idiyanale Lalahon

Question 46

# Spiritual/Religious Beliefs War God Fire God God of Hell God of the Other World

Answer 46

Mandarangan Agni Siginarugan Magwayen | Agni - Indianization

Question 47

# Spiritual/Religious Beliefs God of Breath Rainbow God God of Love

Answer 47

Sidapa Balangaw Diyan Masalanta

Question 48

# Languages/Systems of Writing Why were the Pre-Colonial Writing perishable? What materials did they use?

Answer 48

Barks, Bamboo Tubes, Leaves Knives, Daggers, Pointed Sticks or Irons Colored Saps

Question 49

# Languages/Systems of Writing What evidence of Pre-Colonial writing survived?

Answer 49

Laguna copper plate

Question 50

# Languages/Systems of Writing How many language and dialects are there in the Philippines?

Answer 50

100+

Question 51

# Languages/Systems of Writing What are the 8 major languages in the Philippines?

Answer 51

Tagalog Iloko Pangasinan Kapampangan Sugbuhanon Hiligaynon Samarnon (Samar-Leyte) Maguindanao

Question 52

# Languages/Systems of Writing What were the Philippine languages descendent of?

Answer 52

Austronesian or Malayo-Polynesian

Question 53

# Languages/Systems of Writing What script was used by friars to translate Christian teachings for Filipinos?

Answer 53

Baybayin

Question 54

# Languages/Systems of Writing What is Baybayin? Where and why is it used?

Answer 54

syllabary script (consonant + vowel) used in Tagalog region most famous

Question 55

# Languages/Systems of Writing What are other systems of writing?

Answer 55

Kulitan - pampanga (vertical) Haninu’o Buhid Tagbanwa Jawi Kurdita

Question 56

# Arrival of Islam What were the Phases of Islamization

Answer 56

Military conquest Merchants and missionaries

Question 57

# Arrival of Islam How was military conquest used to spread Islam?

Answer 57

Arabia - origin Middle East, North Africa Spain Central Asia, Eastern Europe | Reason for hostility towards Muslims (moro) in PH

Question 58

# Arrival of Islam How was merchants and missionaries used to spread Islam?

Answer 58

intensive trading relations (Silk road and by sea) in Malacca

Question 59

# Arrival of Islam What was the Sufist movement?

Answer 59

Tariqas or brotherhood mystic + teachings of Allah thrifty

Question 60

# Arrival of Islam What was the main source of Islam in PH? | explain

Answer 60

Tarsuka Genealogy of diff leaders and inhabitants of Sulu and Mindanao

Question 61

# Arrival of Islam Who first introduced Islam in the PH and when?

Answer 61

Tuan Mashika - 13th century

Question 62

# Arrival of Islam Give the 2 Muslims who gained power as Sultanate in the PH | origins + where they arrived

Answer 62

Rajah Baginda - Sumatra (Indo) in Sulu Serif Kabunsugan - Johore (Malay) in Mindanao

Question 63

# Early Foreign Relations What/who provided information about PH's pre-colonial period

Answer 63

Mostly written from Chinese officials Including those written by Muslim scholars Spaniards encounter with PH

Question 64

# Early Foreign Relations What did foreign communities written works about PH proved?

Answer 64

Proof of existence of a civilization with an Oriental texture

Question 65

# Early Foreign Relations Who were the Orang Dampauns

Answer 65

men from Champa (South Viet) have Hindu culture

Question 66

# Early Foreign Relations When did the Orang Dampuans came to the PH?

Answer 66

came to PH as immigrants (900 - 1200 AD)

Question 67

# Early Foreign Relations Who were the PH's early foreign relations?

Answer 67

Orang Dampuans Banjarmasin China

Question 68

# Early Foreign Relations What were Orang Dampuans' main interest and how did they achieve that?

Answer 68

Trade started in Sulu and built relationship between Southern Annam and Sultanate of Sulu

Question 69

# Early Foreign Relations Who were the Buranun?

Answer 69

hill tribes of Sulu

Question 70

# Early Foreign Relations Why did the Buranuns massacre some of the Orang Dampuans?

Answer 70

jealousy in their relations and prosperity

Question 71

# Early Foreign Relations What kind of communities were present in Orang Dampuan v. Buranun?

Answer 71

Plain community vs elevated community

Question 72

# Early Foreign Relations How did the Orang Dampuans get revenge for the massacre?

Answer 72

retaliation w/ greater tech

Question 73

# Early Foreign Relations What was the end of Orang Dampuan v. Buranun? | When

Answer 73

13th century → peaceful relations between Sultanate of Sulu and Orang Dampuans

Question 74

# Early Foreign Relations Who was the Banjarmasin?

Answer 74

a sub-state of the Empire of Sri Vijaya (along w/ Brunei) that sent traders to Sulu

Question 75

# Early Foreign Relations How did the Banjarmasin enter Sulu?

Answer 75

entered diplomatically through marriage Brought beautiful princess who became Buranun Sultan’s queen

Question 76

# Early Foreign Relations What was the proof that Sulu came under Banjarmasin's influence?

Answer 76

The Buranun were willing to pay tributes to Banjars

Question 77

# Early Foreign Relations When and why did China created relations with PH?

Answer 77

trade in the 9th century

Question 78

# Early Foreign Relations What is the argument on the "first discovery of PH"?

Answer 78

Arab traders (barred from Central China Coast) found alternative route which passed PH and became middlemen for trading of PH and Chinese goods Hence, there is argument against China dynasties’ “discovery of PH”

Question 79

# Early Foreign Relations What did China called PH back then?

Answer 79

Called PH as ma’i (mindoro)

Question 80

# Early Foreign Relations What dynasty established colonies in the coastal areas?

Answer 80

Sung Dynasty

Question 81

# Early Foreign Relations Why did China had to strengthen its relations w PH

Answer 81

Faced competition among maritimes communities

Question 82

# Early Foreign Relations What countries were China's main competitors?

Answer 82

Cambodia, Champa, Annam, SIam, and Tokin

Question 83

# Early Foreign Relations Which emperoro sent a fleet to Lingayen, Pangasinan | believed to also reach Africa

Answer 83

Ming emperor, Yung Lo