Module 2 Flashcards
FORMATION & PEOPLING OF PHILIPPINE ARCHIPELAGO
Geographical Setting of PH Archipelago
What is the Reason for PH’s many Volcanoes & Earthquakes
Part of Western-Pacific Ring of Fire
Geographical Setting of PH Archipelago
How many volcanoes are there in the PH? How many are active?
37 volcanoes
18 active
Geographical Setting of PH Archipelago
What makes the Flora and Fauna in PH an oddity?
Where are they from
It has features from all biogeographic provinces of Western Pacific, Melanesia, Wallacea and Sundaland
Geographical Setting of PH Archipelago
What is included Sundaland?
Palawan, Indonesian islands west of Lombok – inc. Borneo and Malaysia
Geographical Setting of PH Archipelago
What is included Wallacea?
entire PH archipelago, Indonesian islands east of Bali – inc. Sulawesi
Theories in the Peopling Process
Who is the Proponent of the Waves of Migration Theory?
Prof. Henry Otley Beyer
Theories in the Peopling Process
What was Prof. Henry Otley Beyer’s theory about?
Waves of Migration Theory
3 cultural groups arrived in diff. time periods
Theories in the Peopling Process
What were the 3 cultural groups in the Waves of Migration Theory?
Negritos - northern
Indones (A&B) - south
Malays (presently Malaysia)
known for maritime culture
Theories in the Peopling Process
Who debunked the Waves of Migration Theory?
F. Landa Jocano
UP anthropologist
former student of Beyer
Theories in the Peopling Process
What was the 1st argument against Wave of Migration Theory according to F. Landa Jocano
Fossil evidence of ancient men - also went to New Guinea, Java, Borneo, and Australia
Theories in the Peopling Process
What was the 2nd argument against Wave of Migration Theory according to F. Landa Jocano
Ancient men remains in Tabon Cave, Palawan (1962) - Men came to PH earlier than to Malay
Theories in the Peopling Process
Who was the proponent of Nusantao Hypothesis
Wilhelm Solheim
Theories in the Peopling Process
What did Wilhelm Solheim propose?
with explanation
Nusantao Hypothesis
natives of SEA and descendants moved upward to PH then to Taiwan with some even reaching coasts of Viet, SK, and Japan
Theories in the Peopling Process
What was the Nusantao’s culture?
maritime-oriented
Theories in the Peopling Process
What did the Nusantao form because of their movement?
maritime trading and communication network communicating along shores
Theories in the Peopling Process
What area had pirates in the Pre-Colonial period
Iranun
feared by coastal cities, mostly in the Visayan reigion
Theories in the Peopling Process
Who was the proponent of Mainland Origin Hypothesis (Out of Taiwan Model)
Peter Bellwood
Theories in the Peopling Process
When did people arrive in the PH accdg to the Mainland Origin Hypothesis?
Neolithic era (4000 BC)
Theories in the Peopling Process
What was Peter Bellwood’s hypothesis about?
explain
Mainland Origin Hypothesis (Out of Taiwan Model)
people who arrived in PH came from southern mainland China
some went from Taiwan then southward to PH then separated
Theories in the Peopling Process
What were the Western places that people went towards after coming to PH accdg to the the Mainland Origin Hypothesis?
West: Ind, Malay, Andaman Islands, Madagascar
Theories in the Peopling Process
What were the Eastern places that people went towards after coming to PH accdg to the the Mainland Origin Hypothesis?
East: Melanesia, Polynesia, New Zealand, Hawaii, Easter Island
Theories in the Peopling Process
The Mainland Origin Hypothesis is a refined version of what hypothesis
explain why
Austronesian hypothesis (similar languages among SEA)
the people who arrived are ethno-linguistic groups
Theories in the Peopling Process
Examples of ethno-linguistic groups that arrived in the PH
2
Malayo-Polynesian
Austronesian
Theories in the Peopling Process
How did the people in the Mainland Origin Hypothesis became known for agricultural and cultivation systems
Neolitihic revoution (people transitioned from Nomadic hunters & gatherers to a sedentary lifestyle)
agricultural lifestyle - people will stay
