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ANAT 100 > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

muscles

A

contractile organs

perform numerous functions
- gross physical movement
- intricate movements

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2
Q

types of muscle

A
  • skeletal (striated, multi)
  • cardiac (striated, uni/bi)
  • smooth (not striated, uninucleate)
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3
Q

skeletal muscles

A

help the body move

attached to bones via tendons

long cylindrical rod, voluntary

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4
Q

cardiac muscle

A

found in heart

contracts rhythmically

modulated by neural activity and hormones

branching, involuntary (pace maker)

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5
Q

smooth muscle

A

controlled by nervous system or hormones

may be generally inactive and respond to stimulation or rhythmic

fusiform (tapers), involuntary (peristalsis)

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6
Q

morphological (form) characterizations of muscles

A
  • striated
  • smooth
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7
Q

striated muscle

A

has light and dark bands

found in heart and skeletal muscles

characteristics
- long muscle fibres
- multiple nuclei (peripherally - skeletal, centrally cardiac)

cardiac also has intercalated discs

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8
Q

smooth muscle

A

found in blood vessels, digestive system and other viscera

single central nucleus

fusiform shaped (spindle like) cells, no striations

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9
Q

functional characterizations of muscle

A
  • voluntary
  • involuntary
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10
Q

voluntary msucle

A

consciously controlled

skeletal muscle
- muscle that moves the skeleton for walking

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11
Q

involuntary muscle

A

not consciously controlled

smooth muscle and cardiac muscle

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12
Q

muscle properties

A
  • excitability
  • contractility
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13
Q

muscle excitability

A

ability of muscle tissue to receive and respond to electrical signals from nerves or stimulation from hormones

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14
Q

contractility

A

muscle cell is excited by a nerve or hormone so it shortens (contract)

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15
Q

skeletal muscle attachment/function

A

most attached to two bones across a joint, contraction brings part of the two bones closer

functions
- movement
- maintain posture, stabilize joints
- control excretion and swallowing
- produce heat
- support and protect internal organs

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16
Q

organization of skeletal muscle

A

consists of muscle tissue and connective tissue (surrounds muscle tissue and attaches the ends of muscle to bone)

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17
Q

layers of connective tissue in skeletal muscle

A
  • epimysium
  • perimysium
  • endomysium
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18
Q

epimysium

A

layer of connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle

continuous with the tissue that becomes the tendon

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19
Q

perimysium

A

layer of connective tissue surrounding a bundle of muscles fibres (fascicle)

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20
Q

endomysium

A

layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle cells (fibres) with a muscle bundle

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21
Q

anatomy of skeletal muscle tissue

A

within a muscle cell (myofibre) there are myofibrils with myofilaments

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22
Q

myofilaments

A

organized into structural units called sarcomeres

contraction, sarcomeres shorten

each unit has actin and myosin

one sarcomere spans from one Z line to the next

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23
Q

muscle cell features

Study These Flashcards
A
  • sarcolemma
  • nuclei
  • myofibril
  • myofilaments
  • sarcoplasmic reticulum
  • t tubules
24
Q

sarcolemma, muscle cell

Study These Flashcards
A

cell membrane surrounding muscle cell

sarcoplasm (cell fluid) is beneath the sarcolemma

25
nuclei, muscle cell
multi nucleated located towards the outside of the myofiber
26
myofibril, muscle cell
structural units of muscle contain contractile myofilaments
27
myofilaments, muscle cell
contractile units of the muscle cell
28
sarcoplasmic reticulum, muscle cell
surrounds each myofibril stores calcium necessary for muscle function
29
t tubules, muscle cell
transverse tubules extension of sarcolemma, surround myofibrils transmit never stimulations to sarcoplasmic reticulum within the cell
30
muscle contractions
when contracted actin and myosin filaments slide over each other, shortens sarcomere increases muscle tension resulting in movement of structures
31
what are the parts of a sarcomere
- Z line (dark line, abundance of structural proteins) - A band (dark area, thick myosin and overlaps with actin) - M line (dark line in middle of myosin, abundance of structural proteins) - I band (light part, only actin)
32
sarcomere light and dark bands
occur due to the overlap of thick and thin filaments
33
muscle body organization
- superficial (shallow) - intermediate - deep
34
muscle of facial expression
- frontalis - orbicularis oculi - zygomaticus - orbicularis oris
35
frontalis muslce
covers the frontal bone and lists eyebrows causes forehead to wrinkle
36
orbicularis oculi muscle
surrounds eyes, closes eye when contracted originates on the frontal and maxillary bones
37
zygomaticus muscle
extends from zygomatic arch to the corner of the mouth draws the angle of the mouth superiorly and posteriorly, causes smile
38
orbicularis oris muscle
kissing muscle surrounds mouths, enables pucker of lips originates on maxillary bone and mandible
39
muscle of mastication (chewing)
- temporalis - masseter
40
temporalis muscle
fan shaped, extends from temporal fossa of parietal bone to the coronoid process of mandible elevates and pulls the mandible posteriorly (retract)
41
masseter muscle
powerful extends from zygomatic arch to angle of the mandible action is to elevate and protract (move forward) the jaw
42
head and neck muscles
anterior - sternocleidomastoid posterior - semispinalis capitis - splenius capitis
43
sternocleidomastoid muscle
flexes the neck with bilateral contraction rotates the head to the opposite site with unilateral contraction
44
semispinalis capitis muscle
extends the neck with bilateral contraction turns the face slightly to the opposite side with unilateral contraction
45
splenius capitis muscle
extends the neck with bilateral contraction causes flexion and lateral rotation of the neck with unilateral contraction
46
muscles of the thorax
- external and internal intercostal muscle
47
external intercostal muscle
most superficial fibers run anteriorly and inferiorly between ribs help in inspiration
48
internal intercostal muscle
deep in the external fibres run posteriorly and inferiorly help in expiration
49
back muscle
erector spinae muscle - help keep the spine erect - run down both sides of spinal column
50
abdomen muscles
facilitate movement of trunk and aid in breathing - external and internal oblique - transverus abdominis - rectus abdominis
51
external oblique muscle
most superficial of abdominal fibers run anteriorly and inferiorly bilateral, flexes vertebral column and compresses abdominal wall (forces expiration) unilateral, lateral flexion and rotation of vertebral column
52
internal oblique muscle
deep to external oblique fibers run anteriorly and superiorly bilateral, flexes vertebral column and compresses abdominal wall unilateral, lateral flexion and rotation of vertebral column
53
transverus abdominis
runs horizontally, deep to internal oblique bilateral, flexes vertebral column and compresses abdominal wall (forces expiration) unilateral, lateral flexion of vertebral column
54
rectus abdominis
on either side of the linea alba
55
linea alba
line of connective tissue down the middle of the abdomen for muscle attachment

ANAT 100 (5 decks)

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