Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Health Assessment > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Accommodation

A

functional reflex allowing the eyes to Focus on NEAR objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cataracts

A

CLOUDING of the usually clear lens of the eye, causing a person to see as though looking through a frosty or fogging window

  • Leading cause of Blindness worldwide
  • Diabetes mellitus increases risk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

RISK factors for CATARACTS

A
  • High BP
  • Increasing age
  • cigarette smoking
  • Alcohol use
  • Female gender
  • EARLY detection & wearing sunglasses reduces risk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Glaucoma

A

an acute or chronic condition in which there is an increasing of IOP which leads to damage of the retina and optic nerve, resulting visual field loss.

  • “silent thief of sight”
  • Normal IOP is 10-21 mm Hg
  • If IOP if left untreated, Blindness results
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

myopia

A

nearsighted-close objects appear clearly, but far ones don’t

  • SPOTS or FLOATERS
  • AGING (over age 40) and requires no intervention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Blind spots

A
  • may be constant or intermittent
  • may be from GLAUCOMA, VASCULAR SPASMS, or pressure on the ophthalmic nerve from a tumor or increased intracranial presssure.
  • ANY REPORT OF BLIND SPOT REQUIRES IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What mat be associated with “HALOS or RINGS AROUND lights”

A

GLAUCOMA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What chart is used for Distant Visual Acuity?

A
  • Snellen Chart

- normal= 20/20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ptosis

A

dropping of the upper lid may be due to oculomotor nerve (CN II) damage, myasthenia gravis, weakened muscle tissue or damage, or a congenital disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Exophthalmos

A

protrusion of the eyeballs accompanied by the retracted eyelid margins.
-Graves’ disease (hyperthyroidism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Testing accommodation of pupils

A
  • occurs when the client moves focus of vision from FAR to NEAR, causing the pupils to constrict.
  • Normally, pupils CONSTRICT when they focus on a NEAR object and DILATE on a DISTANT object
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pupils are __mm and equal in size

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

PERRLA

A

Pupils Equal, Round, React to Light, and Accommodation (far to near)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Presbyopia

A
  • impaired near vision

- common in clients over 45 year old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Miosis

A
  • Pinpoint pupils
  • constricted & fixed pupils
  • possibly result of narcotic drugs or brain damage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

External Structures of the eye

A
  • eyelids
  • Lateral & Medial canthus
  • eyelashes, conjunctiva
  • lacrimal appartus
  • extraocular muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Eyelids purpose are to

A
  • protect the eye from foreign bodies and limit the amount of light entering the eye
  • distribute tears and lubricate the surface of the eye
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

eyelashes filter dust and …?

A

dirt from air entering the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

conjunctiva

A

thin, transparent, continuous membrane divided (palpebral & bulbar portion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

lacrimal apparatus

A
  • located in the upper outer corner of the orbital cavity just above the eye
  • produces tears
  • consists of glands & ducts that lubricate the eye
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

extraocular muscles

A
  • 6 muscles attached to the outer surface of each eyeball
  • control 6 different directions of eye movement
  • 4 rectus muscles =straight movement
  • 2 oblique muscles= straight movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ophthalmoscope

A
  • hand-held instrument that allows the examiner to view the fundus of the eye by the projection of the light through a prism that bends the light 90 degrees.
  • Darken room to allow pupils to dilate
  • do not use your right eye to examine the client’s left eye or vise versa, your noses will bump
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

In the event of an eye trauma in which the client is experiencing eye pain, discomfort, or something in the eye observe for:

A
  • foreign body that remains after gentle washing
  • perforated globe
  • blood in eye
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

in the case for BLUNT eye trauma observe for:

A
  • lid swollen shut
  • blood in anterior chamber
  • white/hazy cornea
  • irregularly shaped, fixed, dilated, or constricted pupil
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
strabismus (tropia)
- a constant malalignment of the eye axis | - defined according to the direction toward which the eye drifts and may cause amblyopia
26
Esotropia
Eye turns INWARD
27
Exotropia
eye turns OUTWARD
28
Nystagmus
- as oscillating (shaking) movement of the eye | - may be associated with an inner ear disorder, MS, brain lesions, or narcotics use
29
Assess RINGING in the EARS (tinnitus)?
- Do you experience any ringing, roaring, or crackling in your ears? - May be associated with excessive earwax build up, high BP
30
Vertigo
- true spinning motion - may be associated with inner-ear problem - Do you ever feel like you or the room are spinning? Do you ever feel dizzy or unbalanced?
31
Otitis externa
- "swimmer's ear" - can occur when water stays in the ear canal for long periods of time, providing the perfect environment for germs to grow and infect the skin - Do you spend a lot of time swimming or in water? Do you protect your ears when you swim?
32
how To examine external ear of an adult you...
pull auricle UPWARD & BACK
33
how To examine external ear of a CHILD you...
pull the auricle DOWN & BACK
34
conductive hearing loss
something blocks or impairs the passage of vibrations from getting to the inner ear -e.g. impacted cerumen, otitis media, foreign body, perforated tympanic membrane, drainage in the middle ear, or otosclerosis
35
Sensorineural or perceptual hearing loss
damage is located in the INNER EAR | -e.g.- organ of Corti, CN VIII (vestibulocochlear/ acoustic), or temporal lobe of the brain
36
Presbycusis
refers to the gradual hearing loss common after the age of 50 years
37
cerumen
ear wax - natural, self cleaning agent that should not be regularly removed unless it is causing a problem - avoid using instruments to remove wax from ears due to the chance of impacting it further - use a warm, moist washcloth to clean outside of the ears - see professional care for wax removal
38
otitis media
-inflammation of he MIDDLE ear
39
weber test
- Activate a tuning fork & place on pt's head or forehead - Ask, "please tell me if you hear the sound better in 1 ear than the other or if you hear it EQUALLY in both ears." - EXPECTED REPORT- hears sounds EQUALLY in BOTH ears - Conductive hearing loss- client hears the sound in the "poor" ear - Sensorineural hearing loss- sound is louder in the "good" ear
40
Rinne Test
- Compares air & bone conduction - Activate a tuning fork, & place the handle tip on the mastoid bone, just behind the auricle of one ear - ask, "when you stop hearing the sound" - after pt stops hearing the sound, hold the tuning fork in front of the auricle and ask "tell me when the sound stops - EXPECTED REPORT- air conduction is approximately twice as long as bone conduction
41
Romberg Test
- test of equilibrium - ask pt to stand with feet together, arms at sides & eyes open, then with eyes closed - EXPECTED REPORT- client maintains position for 20 seconds w/out swaying or with minimal swaying - if pt moves the feet apart to prevent falling from a loss of balance it can indicate a Vestibular (inner ear) problem
42
Acute Otitis Media | Abnormality of the Tympanic membrane
- red, bulging membrane | - decreased or absent light reflex
43
Serous Otitis Media | Abnormality of the Tympanic membrane
Yellowish bulging membrane with bubbles behind it
44
Blue/Dark Red tympanic membrane | Abnormality of the Tympanic membrane
indicates blood behind eardrum due to trauma
45
Scarred Tympanic Membrane | Abnormality of the Tympanic membrane
white spots and streaks indicate scarring from infections
46
Perforated Tympanic Membrane | Abnormality of the Tympanic membrane
Perfusion results from rupture caused by increased pressure, usually from untreated infection or trauma
47
Retracted Tympanic Membrane | Abnormality of the Tympanic membrane
Prominent landmarks are caused by negative ear pressure due to obstructed eustachian tube or chronic otitis media
48
Darwin's Tubercle
- clinically insignificant projection, may be seen on the auricle - No discharge should be present - normal finding
49
foul smelling, sticky, yellow discharge
otitis externa or impacted foreign body
50
bloody, purulent discharge
otitis media with ruptured tympanic membrane
51
blood or watery drainage (cerebrospinal fluid)
skull trauma
52
otoscope
flashlight-type viewer used to visualize the external/ middle ear
53
Gum disease- age related
- red swollen gums that bleed easily occur in early gum disease (gingivitis) - destruction of the gums w/tooth loss occurs in more advanced gum disease(periosontitis) - gums recede, become ischemic, & undergo fibrotic changes as the person ages
54
Acute sinusitis
- temporary infection of the sinus | - pain, tenderness, swelling & pressure around the eyes, cheeks, nose or forehead
55
chronic sinusitis
- sinuses become inflamed & swollen | - symptoms last 12 weeks or longer even with treatment
56
(Assessment of visual acuity) consensual response
exposure to light in one eye results in constrition of the pupil in the oppposite eye
57
Nosebleeds are most commonly due to
- dry nasal membranes - nose picking - acute & chronic sinusitis - allergies - colds
58
Rhinorrhea
- thin, watery, clear nasal drainage - can indicate a chronic allergy - past head injury - cerebrospinal fluid leak
59
mucous drainage, especially yellow, is typical of?
- a cold - rhinitis - sinus infection
60
Dysphagia
difficulty swallowing - increases risk for aspiration - difficulty chewing, swallowing, or moving the tongue or jaws may be a late sign of ORAL CANCER
61
luekoplakia
- thick white patch of cells in the oral cavity that may be precancerous - inspect the buccal mucosa - may be seen in chronic irritation & smoking
62
thrush
-whitish, curd-like patches that scrape off over reddened mucosa & bleed easily
63
the side of the tongue is the most common site of
tongue cancer

Health Assessment (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions