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Bacteriology > Module 3-5- Mycobacterium, Anaerobes, and Mycoplasma > Flashcards

Module 3-5- Mycobacterium, Anaerobes, and Mycoplasma Flashcards

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1
Q

Characteristics of Mycobacterium

A

Gram positive rods, facultative intracellular, acid fast positive, no outer membrane (thin peptidoglycan)

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2
Q

Mycobacterium that are in Tuberculosis group

A

M. tuberculosis, M. bovis

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3
Q

Mycobacterium that are not Tuberculosis group

A

M. avium complex

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4
Q

Main cause of tuberculosis in humans

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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5
Q

Signs of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

A

granulomas with caseous necrosis and mineralization followed by liquification and cavity formation

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6
Q

Dx of Micobacterium tuberculosis

A

Mantoux test (under skin), Rads, acid fast, culture, PCR

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7
Q

Tx of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

combination therapy for six months

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8
Q

Prevention of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Human vax

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9
Q

Dx of Mycobacterium bovis

A

necropsy, test herd (PPD tuberculin test), acid fast, PCR

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10
Q

Transmission of Mycobacterium bovis

A

ingestion and sometimes inhalation

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11
Q

Carriers of Mycobacterium bovis

A

badgers, deer, opossums

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12
Q

Tx of mycobacterium bovis

A

only for humans and pets- combination antimicrobial therapy

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13
Q

Mycobacterium bovis control

A

Vaccine not used in US herds, wildlife control, cull

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14
Q

Disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis

A

Johne’s disease

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15
Q

Transmission of Johne’s disease

A

ingestion, localizes in lymphnodes, granulomatous enteritis, wasting

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16
Q

Symptoms of Johne’s Disease

A

Diarrhea, wasting, edema, granulomatous enteritis

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17
Q

Dx of Johne’s disease

A

test herd with ELISA, confirm with cultures/PCR

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18
Q

Prevention of Johne’s disease

A

no treatment, cull, detection, pasture rotation, no vax

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19
Q

DIsease caused by Mycobacterium avium intracellular complex (MAC)

A

Avian tuberculosis

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20
Q

Signs of avian tuberculosis

A

opportunistic granulomatous infections in humans, animals, and birds

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21
Q

Disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans

A

Buruli ulcer

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22
Q

Disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae

A

Leprosy or Hansen’s disease

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23
Q

Disease caused byMycobacterium lepraemurium

A

feline and murine leprosy

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24
Q

Dx of Mycobacterium

A

Stain (baccili will look like ghosts), biopsy

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25
Mycobacterium treatment
Combination therapy, surgical excision
26
What abx will not treat anaerobes?
aminoglycocides
27
Characteristics of Clostridium
Gram positive anaerobe, rapid multiplication, powerful exotoxins
28
Predisposing factor for Clostridium infection
Necrosis
29
Types of Neurotoxic Clostridium
C. botulinum C. tetani C. perfringens
30
Types of Histotoxic Clostridium
C. chauvoei C. septicum C. novyi C. perfringens
31
Types of enterotoxic Clostridium
C. perfringens C. difficile
32
Neutotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani
Tetanospasmin
33
Species most susceptible to tetanus
Horses
34
Clostridium tetani pathogenesis
Infects wound, toxin released at wound, toxin travels through nerves, prevents release of neurotransmitters
35
Dx of Clostridium tetani
Culture is not helpful, clinical hx, tennis-racket shaped spores
36
Tx of Clostridium tetani
Antitoxin, Antimicrobials, tx of wounds, supportive care
37
Control of CLostridium tetani
Vax
38
Clostridium botulinum transmission
Ingestion of toxins in contaminated food
39
Mechanism of Clostridium botulinum
inhibits Ach and causes flaccid paralysis
40
Dx of Clostridium botulinum
Not practical, can find toxin in serum of stomach, Mouse bioassay
41
Clostridium botulinum treatment
AntitoxinSupportive care
42
COntrol of Clostridium botulinum
NO vax routinely, avoid soiled foods
43
Disease caused by Clostridium chauvoei
Black leg
44
Transmission of Clostridium chauvoei
Endospores iingested, land in muscle, activated by trauma
45
Disease caused by Clostridium septicum
Gas gangrene, Braxy (sheep), Necrotic dermatitis (chicken
46
Dx of Histotoxic Clostridium
Direct gram stain(spore-forming rods), direct fluorescence
47
Tx of Histotoxic Clostridium
Usually do not treat, can give penecillin if caught early
48
Disease caused by Clostridium perfringens
Enterotoxemia, necrotizing enteritis, pulpy kidney, overeating disease
49
Diagnosis of CLostridium perfringens
gram stain, anaerobic culture, toxin detection
50
Treatment of CLostridium perfringens
May or may not work, hyperimmune serum, antimicrobial therapy
51
COntrol of Clostridium perfringens
Vax
52
Disease caused by Clostridium difficile
Entercolitis
53
Dx of Clostridium difficile
Culture Toxin detection
54
What causes Clostridium spiroforme
Dysbiosis in rabbits from antibiotics, lincomycin, or clindamycin
55
What disease is caused by Clostridium piliforme
Tyzzer's Disease
56
Signs of Clostridium piliformes
focal liver necrosis, fatal diarrhea
57
What is the only intracellular Clostridium
C. piliformes
58
Characteristics of Fusobacterium necrophorum
Gram negative non-spore forming anaerobe
59
Disease caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum
Liver abscesses and foot rot in cattle and sheep
60
Characterisitics of Mycoplasma
Pleomorphic, smallest, no cell wall, inhabits mucous membranes, colonize cilliated epithelium
61
What disease does Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae cause
Enzootic pneumonia in swine
62
What disease does Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides cause
Contageous bovine pleuropneumonia
63
Signs of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides
Reportable respiratory distress, coughing, nasal discharge, marbled appearance, edematous interlobular septa and fibrinopurulent exudate
64
Disease caused by Mycoplasma bovis
Upper respiratory tract disease, mastitis, arthritis
65
Disease caused by Mycoplasma caprcolum subsp. capripneumoniae
COntageous caprine pleuropneumonia Reportable
66
Disease caused by Mycoplasma agalactiae
COntagious agalactia of sheep and goats
67
Reportable Mycoplasmas in poultry
M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae
68
Disease caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum
Chronic repiratory disease
69
Disease caused by Mycoplasma synoviae
synovitis and lameness
70
What disease does Mycoplasma felis cause in horses
pleuritis
71
Dx of Mycoplasma
culture in serum-rich media, microscopic colonies, fried-egg shape, PCR
72
Tx of Mycoplasma
Antimicrobials *tetracyclines, lincosamindes, fluoroquinolones
73
Control of mycoplasma
Vax when available
74
Disease caused by Hemotropic mycoplasma
feline infectious anemia
75
Disease caused by mycoplasma hemosuis
porcine infectious anemia
76
Disease caused by mycoplasma hemosuis
porcine infectious anemia
76
Disease caused by mycoplasma hemosuis
porcine infectious anemia
77
Dx of Mycoplasma hemosuis
Splenomegally, Coombs test, blood smear, PCR
77
Dx of Hemotropic Mycoplasma
Splenomegally, Coombs test, blood smear, PCR
78
Tx of Hemotropic mycoplasma
antimicrobials (doxycycline, fluoroquinolones), blood transfusion

Bacteriology (11 decks)

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