Module 3: Ankle and Foot

Question 1

dorsiflexion of talus spreads

Answer 1

malleloi

Question 2

more plantarflexion causes

Answer 2

more instability

Question 3

what supports the tibia

Answer 3

superior aspect of the talus

Question 4

3 ligaments of the foot that creates lateral collateral ligament

Answer 4

1. ) Anterior Talofibular Ligament
2. ) Calcaneofibular
3. ) Posterior Talofibular

Question 5

most injured tendon due to plantar flexion and inverson sprain

Answer 5

anterior talofibular

Question 6

second most commonly injured ligament

Answer 6

calcaneofibular

Question 7

talus typically subluxates

Answer 7

anterior with ankle sprain

Question 8

why is there limited dorsfilexion

Answer 8

jamming of condyle against anterior tibial ridge

Question 9

80% of ankle sprains are

Answer 9

inversion

Question 10

what muscles are attached to the talus

Answer 10

none

Question 11

DDX of subluxated talus

Answer 11

short achilles/tight calf
congenital anomaly
anterior tibial bone spur
patency of dorsal pedal artery

Question 12

signs indicating an adjustment of the talus

Answer 12

limited dorsiflexion

shallow anterior talar fossa to palpation

Question 13

what does a plantarflexion inversion sprain/strain create

Answer 13

antero-medial talus

Question 14

what side is the doctor on for anterior medial talus

Answer 14

opposite side of involvement

Question 15

anterolateral talus doctor position

Answer 15

on same side of involvement

Question 16

aka’s for ankle joint

Answer 16

talocrural
ankle
tibiotalar
mortise

Question 17

what adjustment works well with shin splints

Answer 17

talocrural AP

Question 18

tarsal tunnel syndrome presentation

Answer 18

burning, sharp pain, or paresthesia in sole of foot
intermittent complaints with standing, walking, running
positive tinel sign

Question 19

what can cause tarsal tunnel syndrome

Answer 19

repetitive hyperflexion/hyperextension
post traumatic fibrosis from sprain
ganglion
abnormal biomechanics and/or tightening of the flexor retinaculum or arch of abductor hallucis

Question 20

how many bones in teh foot

Answer 20

26

Question 21

what is the talus responsible for

Answer 21

medial foot motion during pronation and supination

Question 22

talus is keystone of

Answer 22

medial longitudinal arch

Question 23

what is the keystone fo transverse arch

Answer 23

2nd cuneiform

Question 24

keystone to lateral longitudinal arch

Answer 24

cuboid

Question 25

what makes up the rear foot

Answer 25

talus and calcaneous

Question 26

what makes up the midfoot

Answer 26

metatarsals and phalanges

Question 27

when is the interosseous talocrural ligament tight

Answer 27

during inversion

Question 28

subtalar axis is

Answer 28

45 degrees to the floor in neutral position

Question 29

closed chain motion of subtalar joint on pronation

Answer 29

calcaneous everts, talus adducts and plantarflexes, leg internall rotates and shortens

Question 30

closed chain of subtalar motion on supination

Answer 30

calcaneous inverts, talus dorsiflex and abducts, leg externally rotates, knee extends

Question 31

when the ankle is neutral, what is the position of calcaneous and sustenaculum tali?

Answer 31

vertical calcaneous | horizontal sustenaculum tali

Question 32

signs that indicate the adjustment of talocalcaneal joint

Answer 32

fixation upon motion hypermobility pain @ calcaneotibial/spring ligament pain @ calcaneofibular/calcaneocuboid ligament

Question 33

if problem with inversion/eversion

Answer 33

adjust calceneous

Question 34

if problem with ab/adduction

Answer 34

adjust cuboid

Question 35

MOI for medial calcaneous

Answer 35

weak heel counters chronic repetitive trauma of running/jumping severe ankle sprains

Question 36

MOI for lateral calcaneous adjustments

Answer 36

hyperpronation | eversion ankle sprains

Question 37

inversion/eversion is what kind of stroke to the heel?

Answer 37

J strokeq

Question 38

what kind of stroke is for abduction/adduction?

Answer 38

shallow U stroke

Question 39

what would an xray indicate for anterior navicular, cuneiforms, or met bases

Answer 39

raise of 2mm+ from the anterior talus head

Question 40

most common mechanism of anterior navicular, cuneiforms, or met bases

Answer 40

stepping on something, kicking a hard object, or poor supporting shoes

Question 41

most common midfoot subluxation

Answer 41

posterior tarsals

Question 42

what can you NOT do when adjusting posterior tarsals?

Answer 42

plantarflex

Question 43

anterior (superior) cuboid needs what kind of thrust

Answer 43

z axis

Question 44

thickest and shortest metatarsal

Answer 44

first metatarsal

Question 45

what metatarsal bears weights readily

Answer 45

2nd metatarsal due to length

Question 46

function of metatarsals

Answer 46

locking tarsals in full pronation, assist supination as fulcrum for plantar fascia

Question 47

normal range of motion for dorsiflexion for FHL

Answer 47

70-90

Question 48

normal ROM for FHL under load

Answer 48

35 degrees or 1/3

Question 49

less than 35 degrees of FHL dorsiflexion causes

Answer 49

block of normal windlass effect and supination

Question 50

4 stages of hallux limitus/rigidus

Answer 50

1. ) functional 2. ) early joint adaptation 3. ) established arthrosis 4. ) ankylosis

Question 51

causes of hallux limitus/rigidus

Answer 51

biomechanical, post-traumatic, structural, iatrogenic, other

Question 52

when can we work with hallux limitus

Answer 52

stage 1 and 2

Question 53

surgical procedure performed to remove bone spurs from base of big toe

Answer 53

cheilectomy

Question 54

normal glide with metatarsals and phallanges

Answer 54

5mm superior and inferior

Question 55

when are orthotics prescribed

Answer 55

when foot is not within range of motion, even with correction of foot subluxations

Question 56

dorsiflexor tendons go to

Answer 56

anterior to malleoli

Question 57

plantarflexion tendons go

Answer 57

behind malleoli

Question 58

what muscle controls plantarflexion and inversion

Answer 58

L5, posterior tibialis

Question 59

peroneous brevis and longus affects

Answer 59

S1, plantarflexion and eversion

Question 60

dorsiflexion and eversion controlled by

Answer 60

peroneus tertius/extensor digitorum longus

Question 61

2 main reasons for casting and ordering orthotics after adjusting the feet

Answer 61

1. ) Angles of varus/valgus often change | 2. ) better assessment, the better chance of acceptance and excellent results for patient