Module 5: Foot and Gait Flashcards

(50 cards)

1
Q

what initiates the supination process from pronation

A

heel strike

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2
Q

functions of the foot

A
  1. ) adapt to terrain
  2. ) shock absorption
  3. ) stability control
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3
Q

what is normal foot angle

A

4-6 degrees in varus

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4
Q

what is foot neutral

A

it is the central point from which ligaments have enough motion to adapt to terrain 4-6 degrees

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5
Q

neutral is

A

congruency of talo-navicular joint

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6
Q

what does the foot being forced to exceed 4-6 degrees do

A

excessive pronation and sometimes excess supination and therefore tears and stretches of ligaments

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7
Q

muscle that control excessive pronation is

A

posterior tibia

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8
Q

primary nerve supply to posterior tibia is

A

L5

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9
Q

walking force on feet

A

1-3x bw

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10
Q

running force on feet

A

3-5x bw

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11
Q

jumping force on feet

A

5-7x bw

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12
Q

pronation of the foot involves

A

dorsiflexion, eversion, abduction

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13
Q

supination of the foot involves

A

plantarflexion, adduction, and inversion

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14
Q

supination is created by the

A

windlass effect

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15
Q

the joints can only raise if the

A

joints can glide and respond to the tightening of the plantar fascia during heel raise

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16
Q

limitation of dorsiflexion of the big toe is

A

functional hallux limitus

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17
Q

pronation happens naturally as result

A

of leg and body moving over the foot due to the 45 degree average angle between talus and calcaneous

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18
Q

supination begins as

A

heel raises from the ground

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19
Q

what does pronation do to the spine

A

pulls the spine toward pronated side of body by pulling on the psoas

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20
Q

supination does what to the low back

A

unloads tug on psoas, therefore releasing lumbar spine pull

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21
Q

controls blood supply to acetabulum

22
Q

muscle that flexes knee first 15 degrees off the ground

23
Q

popliteus is supplied by what nerve root

24
Q

popliteus does what to the knee

A

internal rotation

25
foot being stuck in pronation causes what to tibia
increased internal rotation, closing the joint space and breaking down medial meniscus
26
foot stuck in supination causes what to tibia
increased external rotation, closing the joint space and breaking down lateral meniscus
27
pronation is what percent of gait
40%
28
swing phase is what percent of gait
40%
29
supination is what percentage of gait
20%
30
stance/contact is
60%
31
swing is
40%
32
stance/contact phase is made up of
27% contact, 40% midstance, and 30% propulsion
33
pronation begins at
heel strike
34
supination begins at
heel raise
35
shin splints according to Hearon is
muscle imbalance between gastroc-soleus and anterior tibia muscle
36
posterior tibia does
planatflexion
37
ability of some materials to generate an electric potential in response to applied mechanical stress
pizoelectric effect
38
avulsion of the malleolus is more likely than what in extreme eversion sprain
deltoid ligament tear
39
how many bones in the foot
26
40
primary shock absorber of the body
foot pronation
41
what is considered normal with navicular drop test
9-11mm
42
what is abnormal for navicular drop test
15mm+
43
function of the midfoot
allows accommodation to uneven surfaces upon walking and gives support while standing
44
medial navicular is based off of what muscle test
posterior tibialis
45
anterior cuboid is based off of what muscle test
peroneals
46
neuroma most commonly affects what heads
3rd and 4th metatarsals
47
most common midfoot subluxation
posterior tarsal
48
tibia varum
bow legged
49
tibia valgum
knock knees
50
when uncontrolled pronation occurs during the gait cycle, what can happen
shin splints