Module 3: Cranial Nerves, TMJ, Brain Vasculature Flashcards
(27 cards)
Sensory nerves are __1__ nerves because they carry impulses towards the central nervous system. On the other hand, motor nerves are __2__ nerves as they carry signal away from the central nervous system.
1) afferent nerves
2) efferent nerves
What are the 12 cranial nerves?
Olfactory (I) Optic (II) Oculomotor (III) Trochlear (IV) Trigeminal (V) Abducens (VI) Facial (VII) Vestibulocochlear (VIII) Glossopharyngeal (IX) Vagus (X) Accessory (XI) Hypoglossal (XII)
What type of nerves are these cranial nerves, sensory, motor or mixed?
Olfactory (I) Optic (II) Oculomotor (III) Trochlear (IV) Trigeminal (V) Abducens (VI) Facial (VII) Vestibulocochlear (VIII) Glossopharyngeal (IX) Vagus (X) Accessory (XI) Hypoglossal (XII)
Olfactory (I) --> sensory Optic (II) --> sensory Oculomotor (III) --> motor Trochlear (IV) --> motor Trigeminal (V) --> mixed Abducens (VI) --> motor Facial (VII) --> mixed Vestibulocochlear (VIII) --> sensory Glossopharyngeal (IX) --> mixed Vagus (X) --> mixed Accessory (XI) --> motor Hypoglossal (XII) --> motor
Symptoms of which nerve “can be caused by neoplastic and inflammatory disease within the trigeminal cisterns”
Trigeminal nerve
patients with sudden sensorinueral hearing loss in one ear are often sent to MRI to have their internal auditory canals scanned for ___________ and _____________.
vestibular schwannoma
acoustic neuromas
The network of blood vessels that supply the brain with oxygenated blood is called the _______
circle of willis
What are the arteries that form the circle of Willis?
Left and right internal carotid arteries
Left and right anterior cerebral arteries
Anterior communicating artery
Left and right posterior communicating arteries
Left and right posterior cerebral arteries
What is The most common site of stroke? Areas affected include Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area and motor cortex. Expressive, receptive and movement of head, neck and upper limbs may be impaired.
a) anterior cerebral artery (ACA)
b) middle cerebral artery (MCA)
c) posterior cerebral artery (PCA)
b) Middle cerebral artery
Though not common, an infarction of the_______ artery will affect the motor cortex and sensory cortex. Therefore control and sensory input from the lower limb will be affected.
a) anterior cerebral artery (ACA)
b) middle cerebral artery (MCA)
c) posterior cerebral artery (PCA)
a) ACA
occlusion of the ______ will affect the occipital lobe, selenium of the corpus callosum, thalamus and the internal capsule. Visual impairment and the ability for the brain to communicate between the left and right hemisphere may be affected. Because of the thalamus and internal capsule are affected, communication between the cerebral cortex and the central nervous system may be impaired.
a) anterior cerebral artery (ACA)
b) middle cerebral artery (MCA)
c) posterior cerebral artery (PCA)
posterior cerebral artery (PCA)
What causes an aneurysm?
Intracranial aneurysms can be of various sizes and shapes. They are caused by the weakening of the vessel wall which causes a dilation of the entire vessel or simply ballooning of a small part. Weakened vessels may rupture, therefore causing hemorrhage.
Aneurysms are often associated with people with polycystic kidney disease (PKD).
Aneurysms are often associated with people with what type of disease?
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
The cerebral veins are classified into _____ and ______ vessels.
a) posterior and anterior vessels
b) superficial and deep vessels
c) internal and external vessels
d) intradural and extradural vessels
b) Superficial and deep vessels
The superficial vessels drain into the ______ then meet with the straight sinus at the confluence. The straight sinus drains the ______ of the brain, such as the inferior sagittal sinus and vein of Gale. The confluence of venous vessels drain into the left and right _____ then eventually into the _____ and then into the jugular vein.
The superficial vessels drain into the superior sagittal sinus then meet with the straight sinus at the confluence. The straight sinus drains the deep cerebral veins of the brain, such as the inferior sagittal sinus and vein of Gale. The confluence of venous vessels drain into the left and right transverse sinus then eventually into the sigmoid sinus and then into the jugular vein.
What are Arteriovenous malformations (AVM)?
Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are the abnormal connections between arteries and veins. Cerebral AVMs are found within the brain, are congenital and may grow during aging. People with undiagnosed AVMs are often asymptomatic, but can cause headaches and may rupture
What is the function of the Olfactory nerve? What type of nerve is it sensory, motor or mixed?
Smell, sensory
What is the function of the Optic nerve? What type of nerve is it sensory, motor or mixed?
vision, sensory
What is the function of the Occulomotor nerve? What type of nerve is it sensory, motor or mixed?
Movement of superior, inferior, and medial rectus; inf. oblique, and levator palpebrae muscles. Motor
What is the function of the Trochlear nerve? What type of nerve is it sensory, motor or mixed?
Movement of superior oblique muscles. Motor
What is the function of the Trigeminal nerve? What type of nerve is it sensory, motor or mixed?
Sensation from cornea, scalp, lower/upper jaw, teeth, TMJ and tongue. Mixed
What is the function of the Abducens nerve? What type of nerve is it sensory, motor or mixed?
Movement of lateral rectus muscle. Motor
What is the function of the Facial nerve? What type of nerve is it sensory, motor or mixed?
Movement of facial muscles and stapedius of middle ear. Mixed
What is the function of the Vestibulocochlear nerve? What type of nerve is it sensory, motor or mixed?
Sensation from vestibular structures for equilibrium. Sensory
What is the function of the Glossopharyngeal nerve? What type of nerve is it sensory, motor or mixed?
Movement of muscle for swallowing. mixed
