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Comm 226: Business Technology Management > Module 3 from casa: productivity and innovation chapter 5 > Flashcards

Module 3 from casa: productivity and innovation chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

why do we need innovation?

A

In order to enhance productivity

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2
Q

productivity paradox

A

we see computers everywhere but in productivity statistics

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3
Q

3 different ways through which value of IT can be realized

A

• productivity (more or better output from same inputs)

• structure of competition
- IT can alter the way corporations compete

• benefits to the end customer- helps make processes more efficient

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4
Q

why is btm (business technology management) important for productivity and innovation?

A

it includes technologies that can enhance individual and organizational productivity across many industries

seen as an invisible industry sector

The need for students with combined technology and business skills has increased the need for educational programs that combine business and tech training

Universities across Canada are developing programs for BTM

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5
Q

why is btm seen as an invisible industry sector?

A

because it doesn’t produce direct output as other industries do

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6
Q

what does increasing efficiency mean?

A

business processes can be accomplished more quickly or with fewer resources and facilities (or both)

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7
Q

when is efficiency easy to measure?

A

once you have decided what measures are important

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8
Q

effectiveness

A

focus on doing the right things

doing the right things

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9
Q

how do information systems improve productivity?

A

by increasing efficiency

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10
Q

value chain

A

network of activities that improve effectiveness (or value) of a good or service

Made up of at least one and often many business processes

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11
Q

how do intermediaries in the value chain add value?

A

by adding to product or adding services to product

the more a company adds to a good or service in its value chain, the higher the price the company can charge for the final product

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12
Q

profit margin

A

the difference between price paid for¡ the product and cost to make it

the greater the margin, the greater the profit

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13
Q

what are the two types of activities that support the value chain?

A

primary activities

support activities

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14
Q

primary activities

A

directly adding value to product

installing

manufacturing

shipping

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15
Q

support activities

A

activities that support the primary activities

only add value indirectly

maintaining machines in factories

paying workers

keep track of mechanics hours

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16
Q

what does increasing the efficiency and effectiveness do to profit margin? how?

A

it increases the profit margin

the intensity of each force determines the characteristics of the industry, its profitability, and its sustainability

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17
Q

what does Porter’s five forces model determine?

A

determines the industry profitability

the int

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18
Q

what are Porter’s five forces?

A

Bargaining power of customers

Threat of substitutions

Bargaining power of suppliers

Threat of new entrants

Rivalry among existing firms

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19
Q

what do companies do with Porter’s model?

A

to be successful, they analyze the forces and choose how to respond to them

basically, they choose competitive strategies

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20
Q

what are the 4 types of competitive strategies to respond to Porter’s model?

A

be a cost leader

differentiate products

employ the cost or differentiation strategy across an industry

segmentation

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21
Q

what does porter ultimately believe when it comes to companies’ effectiveness?
how does it translate to information systems?

A

to be effective, a company’s goals, objectives, culture, and activities must be consistent with the strategies

all information systems must facilitate and be aligned with an organization’s competitive strategy

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22
Q

what are the 2 general types of technological innovations?

A

sustaining technologies

disruptive technologies

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23
Q

sustaining technologies

A

changes in technology that maintain rate of improvement in customer value

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24
Q

disruptive technologies

A

introduce a very new package of attributes to the accepted mainstream products

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25
can a competitive advantage be so based that it creates a whole new industry?
yeeee like with micro computers
26
diffusion of innovation
process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among members of a social system
27
what are the steps of the diffusion of innovation?
1. knowledge 2. persuasion 3. decision 4. implementation 5. confirmation
28
diffusion of innovation step 1: knowledge
first hear about innovation but lack info about it
29
diffusion of innovation step 2: persuasion
become interested in innovation, find out more about it
30
diffusion of innovation step 3: decision
consider pros and cons of adopting make decision to Accept or Refuse
31
diffusion of innovation step 4: implementation
use innovation and figure out whether to continue using it
32
diffusion of innovation step 5: confirmation
use innovation to its full potential
33
what can competitive advantages be created by?
products/services development of business processes
34
how can products and services create a competitive advantage'
by creating new ones by enhancing existing ones by differentiating them
35
how can business processes create competitive advantages'
making expensive for customers to switch to competitors, so they end up staying looking suppliers by making it expensive for them to switch creating entry barriers establishing alliances with other organizations
36
what advantages does creating alliances with other business organizations do?
create standards promote product awareness and needs develop market size reduce purchasing costs provide other benefits
37
can the competitive advantages created by information systems be sustained?
it depends, because other companies copy them all the time turning them into commodities but, sometimes companies need different information systems depending on their structure
38
where does long term competitive advantage with information systems lie?
in how a company and its people adopt the technology
39
Sustained competitive advantage from IT
requires companies to find a distinctive way to compete that will change over time developing people and procedures that are well supported by the underlying technology
40
what are the components of business processes
activity actors role
41
business processes
a sequence of activities for accomplishing a function example: taking orders at time Hortons example: making a sandwich at Tim Hortons
42
activity of a business process
task within a business process task involved in completing business process ex: document collection necessary to accomplish an activity
43
actors in a business process
resources who are either humans or computers they accomplish certain tasks in the process
44
role in a business process
category of activities in a business process that is performed by a particular actors
45
what are the three categories of processes
Strategic processes managerial processes operational processes
46
operational processes
commonplace, routine, everyday business processes operation processes schedule the equipment, people and facilities day to day tasks with structured processes focusing on efficiency
47
managerial processes
resource use planning, assessing, and analyzing the resources used by the company in pursuit its objectives
48
whats the term of information systems used to facilitate managerial processes?
TPS (Transaction processing systems)
49
strategic processes
seek to resolve issues that have long range impact on the organization these processes have broad scope and impact most of the firm often made by executives
50
whats the term of information systems used to support strategic processes?
executive support systems (ESS)
51
what does an effective objective do?
helps achieve organizational strategy seeks more output with the same inputs or the same output with fewer inputs defined by management must be properly communicated
52
efficiency
doing things right
53
the difference between effectiveness and efficiency
efficiency is doing things right, whereas effectiveness is doing the right things
54
what do inbound logistics do?
receives stores disseminates product input
55
procurement
operational process that acquires goods and services
56
what do the outbound logistics processes do?
collect, store and distribute products to buyers concern the management of finished goods inventory and the movement of goods from that inventory to the customer ex: sales process
57
service processes
Providing after sales and customer support Includes track orders customer support customer support training
58
human ressources processes
asses the motivations and skills of employees create job position investigate employee complaints staff, train, and evaluate personnel
59
technology development processes
designing, testing, and developing technologies in support of the primary activities
60
what is the first step in the OMIS model?
to specify and if possible improve the objectives for the process
61
what is the second step in the OMIS model?
specify and if possible improve how each objective is measured.
62
how are the best objective measures? what are measures?
reasonable accurate consistent Measures, also called metrics are quantities assigned to attributes they indicate performance of objective key objective indicators
63
how are reasonable objective measures?
is a measure that is valid and compelling
64
how can organization use IS to improve processes?
improve the efficiency or effectiveness of the activities improving the links among activities that are either in the same process or among activities in different process is to improve control of the process
65
linkage
The impact of one activity on another activity
66
NON-IS process improvements
add more resources without changing structure change the structure of the process without changing allocation of ressources
67
what does Six sigma do?
seeks to improve process outputs by removing causes of defects and minimizing variability to the process
68
AS IS diagrams
Diagrams of current process
69
OUGHT-TO-BE DIAGRAMS
Diagrams of suggested process improvements
70
how can IS also reduce process efficiency and effectiveness and limit its improvement
by storing data in multiple places
71
information silos
a condition that exists when data is isolated in separated information systems or a condition that exists when data is duplicated in various files and databases Information silos can make process inefficient Information silos can make processes ineffective
72
how can information silos make processes ineffective
anytime data is transcribed from one place to another or entered in two places, errors can occur
73
what is the most obvious fix to eliminate information silos
to store a single copy of data in a shared database and revising business processes to use that database
74
why do companies deliberately store data in separate databases which then creates information silos
organizational departments prefer to control the systems they use they can save on costs when many processes in many departments all rely on the same IS departmental IS are much more affordable
75
SOA (service oriented architecture)
new IS approach designed to make it easier to share data amongst process activities a design in which every activity is modeled as an encapsulated service
76
in the Service Oriented Architecture, what governed the exchanges among services
standards
77
SOA service
a repeatable task that a business needs to perform needs access to data to be efficient
78
encapsulation
The key term in SOA definition hides details inside a container
79
what does encapsulation do in Networks?
used to allow devices to communicate containers of data without being concerned about the data inside
80
SOA standards
allows messages and data to be exchanged among services eliminated the need for proprietary design and expanded the scope and importance of SOA can improve the efficiency and Effectiveness of a process in the same ways an IS improves processes SOA makes activities easier and hence less costly to access
81
why standardize business processes?
enforce policy consistency scalable for change risk reduction
82
swim lanes of a business process
all of the activities in one role For one actor)
83
structure processes
formal activities that don't change from day-to-day ex: making a coffee at Tim Hortons (one way of doing it)
84
dynamic processes
informal activities that aren't always done the same way ex: a sales rep at future shop that changes approach with each client
85
whats the term of information systems used to support managerial processes?
Managerial Information Systems (MIS)
86
how does IT help business processes
improve activity improve data flow improve control improve procedures automation
87
bottleneck
when an activity slows down the whole process

Comm 226: Business Technology Management (15 decks)

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