Module 4 Flashcards by ROSLIN ISABELLE VIERNES

Bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments of the skeletal system are all what?

Connective tissues

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Tough, ropelike protein

Collagen

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Large molecules consisting of many polysaccharides attaching to and encircling core proteins

Proteoglycans

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Extracellular matrix containing collagen and proteoglycans

Cartilage Extracellular Matrix

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Relatively rigid, but springs back to its original shape after being bent or slightly compressed and is an excellent shock absorber

Cartilage

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Extracellular matrix containing collagen and minerals, including calcium and phosphate

Bone Extracellular Matrix

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Shape classification of bone that are longer than they are wide

Long bones

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Shape classification of bone that are approximately as wide as they are long

Short bones

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Shape classification of bone that have relatively thin, flattened shape

Flat bone

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Shape classification of bone that include the vertebrae and facial bones

Irregular bones

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Long bone structure that is a shaft and compact bone tissue on the outside

Diaphysis

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Long bone structure that have spongy bone ends and articular cartilage that covers it

Epiphysis

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Long bone structure that is the site of growth between diaphysis and epiphysis

Epiphyseal plate

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Long bone structure that is the center of diaphysis red or yellow marrow

Medullary cavity

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Long bone structure that is the membrane around bone’s outer surface

Periosteum

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Long bone structure that is the membrane that lines medullary cavity

Endosteum

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Soft tissue that fill spaces or cavities

Marrow

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Marrow that Is the location of blood forming cells

Red marrow

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Marrow that is mostly fat

Yellow marrow

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Located in the outer part of diaphysis and thinner surfaces of other bones

Compact Bone Tissue

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Structural unit of compact bone

Osteon

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Rings of bone matrix

Lamella

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Spaces in between lemalla

Lacunae

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Tiny canals that transport nutrients and remove waste

Canaliculus

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Center of osteon and contains blood vessels

Central Canal

Located at the epiphyses of long bones and center of other bones. Has trabeculae, which are interconnecting rods and has no osteons

Spongy bone

Responsible for the formation of bone and the repair and remodeling of bone

Osteoblasts

Cells that maintain bone matrix and form from osteoblast after bone matrix has surrounded it

Osteocytes

Contribute to bone repair and remodeling by removing existing bone, called bone reabsorption

Osteoclasts

Is the formation of bone by osteablasts

Ossification

Bone formation that occurs within connective tissue membrane is called what?

Intramembranous ossification

Bone formation that occurs inside hyaline cartilage is called what?

Endochondral Ossification

Where does intramembranous ossification process begin at?

Ossification Centers

Bone formation within a cartilage model

Endochondral Bone formation

Bone formation in the diaphysis of a long bone

Primary ossification Center

Bone formation in the epiphysis

Secondary Ossification Center

Bone growth occurs by the deposition of new bone lamellae onto existing bone or other connective tissue. As osteoblasts deposit new bone matrix on the surface of bones between the periosteum and the existing bone matrix, the bone increases in width, or diameter. What is this process?

Appositional growth

Bone fracture wherein bone fragments into three or more pieces

Comminutes Fracture

Bone fracture wherein ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone

Spiral Fractures

Bone fracture wherein broken bone portion is pressed inward

Depressed Fracture

Bone fracture wherein bone is crushed

Compression Fracture

Bone fracture wherein epiphysis separates from the diaphysis along the epiphyseal plate

Epiphyseal Fracture

Bone fracture wherein bone breaks incompletely

Greenstick Fracture

Bone anatomical term of hole

Foramen

Bone anatomical term of Depression

Fossa

Bone anatomical term of Projection

Process

Bone anatomical term of smooth, rounded end

Condyle

Bone anatomical term of canal-like passageway

Meatus

Bone anatomical term of lump of bone

Tubercle

Anterior part of cranium

Frontal Bone

Sides and roof of cranium

Parietal bones

Posterior portion and floor of cranium

Occipital Bones

Inferior to parietal bones on each side of the cranium

Temporal Bones

Forms part of the cranium floor, lateral posterior portions of eye orbits, lateral portions of cranium anterior to temporal bones. Known also as Sella turcica

Sphenoid Bone

Anterior portion of cranium, including medial surface of eye orbit and roof of nasal cavity. Also known as Nasal conchae

Ethmoid Bone

Form upper jaw, anterior portion of hard palate, part of lateral walls of nasal cavity, floors of eye orbits

Maxillae

Form posterior portion of hard palate, lateral wall of nasal cavity

Palatine bones

Cheek bones

Zygomatic bones

Medial surfaces of eye orbits

Lacrimal bones

Form bridge of nose

Nasal bones

In midline of nasal cavity

Vomer

Attached to lateral walls of nasal cavity

Inferior nasal conchae

Lower jawbone

Mandible

Is an unpaired, U-shaped bone that is not part of the skull and has no direct bony attachment to the skull or any other bones

Hyoid Bone

Is the central axis of the skeleton, extending from the base of the skull to slightly past the end of the pelvis

Vertebral column

This part of the vertebral column curves anteriorly

Cervical region and Lumbar region

This part of the vertebral column curves posteriorly

Thoracic region

This part of the vertebral column regions together curve posteriorly

Sacral and coccygeal

1st vertebra and rotates head

Atlas

2nd vertebra and rotates head

Axis

Breastbone

Sternum

Attach directly to sternum by cartilage

True ribs

Attach indirectly to sternum by cartilage

False ribs

Not attached to sternum

Floating ribs

Shoulder blade

Scapula

Collar bone

Clavicle

Upper limb

Humerus

Forearm

Ulna and Radius

Wrist

Carpals

hand

Metacarpals

Includes pelvic girdle and coccyx

Pelvis

Inferior and posterior region in the pelvic girdle

Ischium

Most superior region in the pelvic girdle

Ilium

Hip socket

Acetabulum

Thigh

Femur

Knee cap

Patella

Large lower leg

Tibia

Small lower leg

Fibula

Ankle

Tarsals

Foot

Metatarsals

toes and fingers

Phalanges

Are where two bones come together

Articulations

Joint that is united by fibrous connective tissue

Fibrous joint

Joint that is united by means of cartilage

Cartilaginous

Joint that is joined by a fluid cavity

Synovial

Joint that is non-movable

Synarthrosis

Joint that is slightly movable

Amphiarthrosis

Joint that is freely movable

Diarthrosis

Bending

Flexion

Straightening

Extension

Movement away from the midline

Abduction

Movement toward the middle

Adduction

Rotation of the forearm with palms down

Supination

Movement of a structure about the long axis

Rotation

Module 4 Flashcards

(104 cards)