Module 4 Flashcards
Afferent
Signals towards CNS. Nerve fibers responsible for bringing sensory information from the outside world into the brain
Efferent
Carrying signals from the brain to the peripheral nervous system in order to initiate an action
What are Neuroglial cells?
They are nerve glue, support the neurons.
What are dendrites
Extensions carry impulse towards body
What are axons
carry nerve impulse away from the cell body
What is the axon hillock
They are cone-shaped process where axon leaves the cell body.
What do upper motor nerons do?
They control fine motor movement, and influence/ modify spinal reflex arc.
What do lower motor neurons do
They have a direct influence on muscles.
What are the meninges of the brain?
Dura mater (outer layer), arachnoid, pia mater
What is the space between the dura mater and the arachnoid called
Subdural space
What is the space between the arachnoid and pia mater?
Subarachnoid space
What is the circle of Willis
It is an alternate/collateral route if arteries are obstructed.
What is the primary regulator for CNS blood flow (vasodilator)
CO2
Where are nociceptors (pain receptors) located
They are free nerve endings located in the skin, muscles, joints, arteries, and the viscera.
What do nociceptors respond to
They respond to chemical, mechanical, and thermal stimuli
Transduction
activation of nociceptors by noxious stimulus
Transmission
conduction to dorsal horn and up spinal cord
Affective- motivation system
determines avoidance behaviors and emotional responses.
What are the inhibitory neurotransmitters
GABA, glycine, serotonin, norepinephrine
What are the excitatory neurotransmitters?
Glutamate, aspartate, substance P, calcitonin
What is somatic pain
Arises from skin, joints, and muscles.
What is defined as chronic pain?
Pain lasting at least 3 to 6 months
What mediates temperature regulation
The hypothalamus and the endocrine system
What is a fever
A temporary resetting of the hypothalamic thermostat to a higher level
