Module 5

Question 1

What are some examples of hormones that are chemically regulated

Answer 1

Blood glucose or calcium levels

Question 2

Endocrine examples of hormone release

Answer 2

a hormone from one endocrine gland controlling another

Question 3

Neural examples of hormone release

Answer 3

Direct simulation of pancreatic cells by ANS

Question 4

How do lipid soluble hormones cross plasma and nuclear membranes

Answer 4

They diffuse freely

Question 5

How do water-soluble hormones cross the plasma and nuclear membrane?

Answer 5

They cannot diffuse, need to bind to surface receptors and initiate first and second messengers

Question 6

What are some examples of water-soluble hormones

Answer 6

Protein hormones and catecholamines

Question 7

What is the major component to the anterior pituitary

Answer 7

pars distalis

Question 8

What does an antidiuretic hormone do

Answer 8

Controls plasma osmolarliy

Question 9

What does an oxytocin do

Answer 9

Sperm motility in males, uterine contractions, lactation in females

Question 10

What does parathyroid hormones do?

Answer 10

increases serum calcium levels and decreases serum phosphate

Question 11

Insulin

Question 12

amylase

Question 13

glucogon

Question 14

pancreatic somatostatin

Question 15

gastrin, ghrelin and pancreatic polypeptides

Question 16

What is the adrenal cortex. What comes from it.

Question 17

What are the effects of glucocorticoids on the body.

Question 18

What do mineralocorticoids do

Question 19

What causes primary thyroid disorders

Question 20

What causes secondary thyroid disorders

Question 21

What is thyrotoxicosis

Answer 21

Conditions caused by increased TH levels

Question 22

What is graves disease

Answer 22

an autoimmune disease caused by stimulation of thyroid by autoantibidues agaist TSH receptrs. Type 2 hypersensitivity

Question 23

What is a symptom of graves disease

Answer 23

Orbital edema/eye protrustion with visual disterbanves

Question 24

What are symptoms of hypothyroidsim

Answer 24

lethargy, cold intolerance, decreased meabolic rate

Question 25

What is Hashemites disease

Answer 25

A hypothyroid disease that causes gradual destruction of the thyroid gland

Question 26

What is the most common endocrine malignancy and what causes it

Answer 26

thyroid carcinoma and ionizing radiation is the most common cause

Question 27

What is hyperparathyroidism

Answer 27

Increased secretons of parathyroid hormone. Hallmark symptom is hypercalcemia and hypophosphatism. Primary is the import one

Question 28

What is hypoparathyroidism

Answer 28

Caused by parathyroid damage in thyroid surgery, abnormally low PTH levels. Manifests primarly by hypocalcemia

Question 29

What causes type 1 diabetes

Answer 29

Immunologically mediated beta cell destruction in pancreas and apoptosis

Question 30

What are manifestations result from insulin deficiencey

Answer 30

Hyperglycemia, polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, weight loss

Question 31

How is type 2 diabetes caused

Answer 31

genetic-environmental interactions

Question 32

What causes long term effects of diabetes

Answer 32

hyperglycemia

Question 33

what is the most abundant type of adipose tissue

Answer 33

white adipose tissue

Question 34

What do orexigenic neurons do

Answer 34

promote appetite, stimulate eating, decrease metabolism

Question 35

What are some risk factors for obesity

Answer 35

Cushing's syndrome (metabolic abnormalities), polygenic defects, depression and other mood disorders, environmental factors

Question 36

What is therapeutic starvation

Answer 36

weight loss in morbidly obese people

Question 37

What is the anorexia of aging. what are some risk factors

Answer 37

decrease in hunger or food intake in older adults. AKA decreased orexigenic signals. Medical and psychiatric conditions,