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NCM 101 (HEALTH ASSESSMENT) > module 4 > Flashcards

module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 primary vital signs

A

Temperature
Pulse
Respiration
Blood
Pressure

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2
Q

is the balance between the heat
produced by the body and the
heat lost from the body.

A

BODY TEMPERATURE

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3
Q

what are the two type of body temperature?

A

Core Temperature
Surface Temperature

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4
Q

Temperature of the deep tissues of the body. Measured by taking oral and rectal
temperature.

A

Core Temperature

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5
Q

Temperature of the skin, subcutaneous tissue and fat. Measured by taking axillary temperature

A

Surface Temperature

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6
Q

what are Factors Affecting HEAT PRODUCTION

A

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
Muscle Activity
Thyroxine Output
Epinephrine, Norepinephrine and Sympathetic
Stimulation
Increased temperature of body cells

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7
Q

what are the Process involved in HEAT LOSS

A

RADIATION
CONDUCTION
CONVECTION
EVAPORATION

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8
Q

the transfer of heat from the surface of one object to the surface of another without
contact between two objects.

A

RADIATION

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9
Q

Process involved when It feels warm in a crowded room.

A

RADIATION

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10
Q

the transfer of heat from one surface to another. It requires temperature difference
between the two surfaces.

A

CONDUCTION

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11
Q

Process involved in Application of moist wash cloth over the skin

A

CONDUCTION

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12
Q

the dissipation of heat by air
currents.

A

CONVECTION

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13
Q

Process involved in Exposure of the skin towards electric fan

A

CONVECTION

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14
Q

The continuous vaporization of
moisture from the skin, oral mucosa, respiratory tract.

A

EVAPORATION

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15
Q

Process involved in Tepid sponge bath increases peripheral circulation, thereby increasing heat loss by evaporation.

A

EVAPORATION

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16
Q

what are the Factors Affecting BODY TEMPERATURE

A
  1. Age
  2. Diurnal Variations
  3. Exercise
  4. Hormones
  5. Stress
  6. Environment
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17
Q

what are the different Alterations in BODY TEMPERATURE

A
  1. Pyrexia
  2. Hyperpyrexia
  3. Hypothermia
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18
Q

Body temperature above
normal range (38-40 degree Celsius )

A

Pyrexia

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19
Q

Very high fever, 41ºc and
above

A

Hyperpyrexia

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20
Q

Subnormal core body
temperature (35 degree Celsius and below)

A

Hypothermia

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21
Q

what are the different types of fever

A
  1. Intermittent
  2. Remittent
  3. Relapsing
  4. Constant
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22
Q

temperature fluctuates
between periods of fever and periods of normal/subnormal temp.

A

Intermittent

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23
Q

temp. fluctuates within a
wide range over the 24 hour period but remains above normal range

A

Remittent

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24
Q

temperature is elevated for
few days, alternated with 1 or 2 days of normal temperatur

A

Relapsing

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25
temperature is consistently high. Could cause irreversible brain damage.
Constant
26
what are the sites for measuring BODY TEMPERATURE
1. Oral 2. Rectal 3. Axillary 4. Tympanic
27
Most accessible and convenient.
ORAL
28
Most accurate measurement method
RECTAL
29
Safest and most non-invasive method
AXILLARY
30
Useful with toddlers who squirm at the restraint needed for the rectal route.
TYMPANIC
31
what is the normal adult temperature
36.1 °C-37.2 °C (97°F -99°F)
32
what is the normal infant temperature
36.5 °C-37.5°C (97.5°F-99.5°F)
33
is a wave of blood created by contraction of the left ventricle of the heart and is regulated by the autonomic nervous system.
PULSE
34
what are the different pulse sites
*Temporal * Carotid * Brachial * Radial * Femoral * Posterior Tibial * Popliteal * Pedal (Dorsalis Pedis) * Apical
35
a heart rate that is slower than normal, typically defined as a resting heart rate below 60 beats per minute.
BRADYCARDIA
36
a fast heartbeat, is a condition where the heart beats faster than 100 beats per minute at rest,
TACHYCARDIA
37
what is the normal adult pulse rate
60-100 beats per minute
38
what is the normal newborn pulse rate
70 to 190 beats per minute
39
the pattern and interval of beats.
Rhythm
40
the strength of the pulse
Volume
41
artery feels straight, smooth, soft and pliable.
Arterial wall elasticity
41
absence indicates cardiovascular disorder
Presence/absence of bilateral equality
42
is the act of breathing
RESPIRATION
43
refers to the intake of air into the lungs
Inhalation or inspiration
44
refers to breathing out or the movement of gases from the lungs to the atmosphere
Exhalation or expiration
45
movement of gases in and out of the lungs.
Ventilation
45
the exchange of gases from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure which occurs at the alveolo-capillary membrane.
Diffusion
46
the availability and movement of blood for transport of gases, nutrients and metabolic waste products.
Perfusion
47
what are the RESPIRATORY CENTERS
* Medulla Oblongata * Pons * Carotid and aortic bodies * Muscle and joints
48
what are the different Types of BREATHING
* Costal (Thoracic) * Diaphragmatic (Abdominal)
49
what is the normal RR of a newborn
30-60 breaths per minute
50
what is the normal RR of an adult
12-20 breaths per minute
51
a kind of breathing which is normal respiration, quiet, rhythmic and effortless (12-20 breaths per minute)
Eupnea
52
a kind of breathing which is quick, shallow breaths (above 20 breaths per minute)
Tachypnea
53
a kind of breathing which is abnormally slow breathing (below 12 breaths per minute)
Bradypnea
54
a kind of breathing which is cessation of breathing or death
Apnea
55
a breathing patter that over expansion of the lungs characterized by rapid and deep breaths
Hyperventilation
56
a breathing patter that under expansion of the lungs, characterized by shallow respirations
Hypoventilation
57
a breathing patter that having difficult and labored breathing during which the individual has a persistent, unsatisfied need for air and feels distressed
Dyspnea
58
a breathing patter that have ability to breathe only in upright sitting or standing positions
Orthopnea
59
is the measure of the pressure exerted by the blood as it pulsates through the arteries.
BLOOD PRESSURE
60
is the pressure of blood as a result of contraction of the ventricles (100-140 mmHg)
Systolic Pressure
61
is the pressure when the ventricles are at rest (60-90 mmHg).
Diastolic Pressure
62
is the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures. 30-40 mmHg
Pulse Pressure
63
an abnormally high blood pressure over 140 mmHg systolic and above 90 mmHg diastolic.
HYPERTENSION
64
an abnormally low blood pressure, systolic pressure below 100/60 mmHg.
HYPOTENSION
65
drop in systolic pressure more than 20 mmHg. It may occurs with a quick change to a standing position.
ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION
66
An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience, which we primarily associate with tissue damage or describe in terms of such damage
Pain
67
a pain that represents the normal response to noxious insult or injury of tissues such as skin, muscles, visceral organs, joints, tendons, or bones
Nociceptive
68
a kind of Nociceptive pain that occurs on musculoskeletal (joint pain, myofascial pain), cutaneous often well localized
Somatic
69
a kind of Nociceptive pain that occurs on hollow organs and smooth muscle usually referred
Visceral
70
a pain initiated or caused by a primary lesion or disease in the somatosensory nervous system
Neuropathic
71
a pain that result of activation and sensitization of the nociceptive pain pathway by a variety of mediators released at the site of tissue inflammation
Inflammatory
72
a pain that usually associated with a recent injury
Acute Pain
73
a pain that usually associated with a specific cause or injury and described as a constant pain that persists for more than 6 months
Chronic Nonmalignant Pain
74
a pain that often due to the compression of peripheral nerves or meninges or from the damage to these structures following surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, or tumor growth and infiltration
Cancer Pain
75
a pain that defined by its high resistance to pain relief
Intractable Pain
76
a pain location that appears on skin or subcutaneous tissue
Cutaneous Pain
77
a pain location that appears on abdominal cavity, thorax, cranium
Visceral Pain
78
a pain location that appears on ligaments, tendons, bones, blood vessels
Deep Somatic Pain
79
a pain location that perceived both at the source and extending to other tissues
Radiating
80
a pain location that perceived in body areas away from the pain
Referred
81
a pain location that perceived in nerves left by a missing, amputated, or paralyzed body part
Phantom pain
82
a dimension of pain that includes the patient’s perception of the pain and the body’s reaction to the stimulus
Physical dimension
83
a dimension of pain that includes the patient’s perception of the pain’s location, intensity, and quality
Sensory dimension
84
a dimension of pain that refers to the verbal and nonverbal behaviors that the patient demonstrates in response to the pain
Behavioral dimension
85
a dimension of pain that concerns the influences of the patient’s social context and cultural background on the patient’s pain experience
Sociocultural dimension
86
a dimension of pain that concerns “ attitudes, intentions, and motivations related to the pain and its management” which are affected by all of the dimensions mentioned but can be associated with the management part of the pain experience, which is dependent on cognitive
Cognitive dimension
87
a dimension of pain that concerns feelings, sentiments, and emotions related to the pain experience The pain can affect the emotions and the emotions can affect the perception of pain
Affective dimension
88
a dimension of pain that refers to the meaning and purpose that the person “attributes to the pain, self, others, and the divine
Spiritual dimension
89
a hormone that decreases tolerance to pain and to pain threshold
estrogen
90
a hormone that increases pain tolerance
Testosterone
91
what does FLACC behavioral scale means
Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability

NCM 101 (HEALTH ASSESSMENT) (5 decks)

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