- change your mood - alter defense mechanism; immunosuppressed, high risk for infection - breakdown fats and proteins - inhibit insulin- hyperglycemic

module 4 Flashcards by olivia mcnamara

endocrine thyroid a & p

produces 3 hormones
calcitonin, t3, t4
need calcitonin to keep calcium in the bone
thyroid hormones give us energy and need iodine to make them

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hyperthyroid / graves disease

too much energy!
nervous 
decrease weight gain 
hot/sweaty
exophthalmos 
decrease attention span 
increase appetite 
irritable 
GI increase or decrease 
BP increase
increase thyroid

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oncology risk factors

alchohol and tobacco = co carcinogens
diet: low fiber, increase fat, preservatives, nitrates
age >60*
hereditary
exposure: carcinogens/ultra violent radiation
chronic inflammation
hx of cancer or chemo

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oncology primary prevention

Prevention:
No smoking
Exercise and good nutrition
Normal weight
Limit alcohol
Vaccines
Sunscreen, avoid second hand smoke

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hyperthyroid diagnosis

decrease TSH, increase T4

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amiodarone

antiarrhythmic drug, contains high levels of iodine and may affect thyroid function

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tx for hyperthyroid

methimazole which stops the thyroid from making thyroid hormone
iodine compounds that decrease the vascularity of the gland
beta blockers
radioactive iodine therapy- destroys thyroid cells causing hypothyroid

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hypothyroid

no energy
fatigue
no expression 
speech slow/slurred
weight gain 
GI decrease
cold

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hypothyroid diagnosis

increase TSH and decrease T4

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tx for hypothyroid

levothyroxine; take on empty stomach

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parathyroid

calcium problem; too much parathyroid- calcium goes up

not enough parathyroid- calcium goes down

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hyperparathyroidism

what is it ? and tx

hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia
too much PTH
SEDATION.
take out the parathyroid so post op = hypocalcemia

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hypoparathyroidism

what is it? and tx

hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia
not enough PTH
no sedated
tx is calcium

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pheochromocytoma

in the adrenal medulla
benign tumors that secrete epi and norepi in boluses
BP, HR, Palpitations, headache = increased

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adrenal cortex

glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, and sex hormones

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glucocorticoids

change your mood
alter defense mechanism; immunosuppressed, high risk for infection
breakdown fats and proteins
inhibit insulin- hyperglycemic

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mineralcorticoids

aldosterone
makes you retain na and h2o
makes you lose K

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sex hormones

too many: hirsutism, acne, irregular menstrual cycle

not enough: decrease axillary and pubic hair, decrease sex drive

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addisons
what is it
s/s
tx

not enough steroids
extreme fatigue, n/v/d, anorexia, hypotension, confusion, hyperpigmentation, white patchy area of depigmented
decreased sodium, increase potassium, hypoglycemia
tx: combat shock, retain na in diet, I/o, daily weight, FVD

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cushings
what is it
s/s
tx

too many steroids
CHF, weight gain, FVO, hyperglycemia, moon face, truncal obesity, buffalo hump, oily skin, women with male traits
Increase sodium decrease k
tx: increase k, decrease na

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long term use of steroids you will see what in the urine

ketones and glucose

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type 1

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polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia= hyperglycemic
they have no insulin production
tx: insulin

dka is seen in

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type 1; kussmaul respirations so metabolic acidosis

type 2

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have insulin but not enough; usually overweight
s/s: repeated vaginal infections, wounds that wont heal
tx: oral agents and/or insulin

metabolic syndrome

``` waist circumference >35 women and >40 men triglycerides >150 HDL <40 in men <50 in women blood pressure >130/85 FBS >100 ```

gestational diabetes | what is it and when are moms usually screened

resembles type 2 mom needs more insulin than normal 24-28 weeks all moms are screens

when should a diabetic person exercise

when blood sugar is at its highest

metformin

do not see hypoglycemia with this since it does not stimulate the release of more insulin . need to stop taking this if client needs contrast dye 48 hours before and after

hba1c levels are checked how often

past 3-4 months

what happens to your blood sugar when you are sick or stressed?

increase

if hypoglycemic what should the client do

eat/drink a simple carb snacks should be 15 grams of carbohydrates

HHS | 2 s/s

seen in type 2 looks like DKA but no acidosis NO breakdown of fats so NO ketones= no acid hyperglycemia and dehydration

diabetic foot care

``` cut toenails straight across dry completely between toes wear well fitting shoes inspect feet everyday no harsh chemicals ```

primary prevention

help prevent the actual occurrence of cancer such as no smoking, exercise, maintain normal body weight, limit or eliminate alcohol

secondary prevention

when we use early screenings to pick up on cancer early, when there is a greater chance for cure or control breast self exams, testes exams, pap smear, mammogram, colonoscopy

tertiary prevention

focuses on the management of long term care for clients with complex treatments for cancer such as support groups and rehab programs

4 bleeding precautions

electric razor, soft toothbrush, no IM, quiet play for children

extreme wasting and malnutrition

cachexia

blood tests for cancer

NEUTROPHILS | AST and ALT will be elevated

goal of chemotherapy

eliminate or reduce the number of cancer cells by destroying the cells as they are developing; helps when cells are actively growing

chemo precautions

chemotherapy gown, 2 pairs of gloves, and goggles/mask

2 types of transplant

stem cell transplant- when stem cells are transplanted from the blood stream bone marrow transplant- when stem cells are transplated from bone marrow

non pharm for n.v

ginger, acupunture, aromatherapy, relaxation techniques

3 systems affected with cancer

GI, hematopoietic, and integumentary

neutropenia WHAT IS IT TX

decrease in neutrophils. calculate ANC 2500-8000 neutropenic precautions and antibiotics

thrombocytopenia what is it tx

is a decrease in the number of circulating platelets in the blood; platelets help with clot1ting tx: give platelets

notify the doc if a client is hypo or hyperthyroid and is on

amiodarone

post thyroidectomy

suction, o2, and trach set at beside

hunger is a sign of

hypoglycemia

metformin

works only on glucose and doesnt stimulate production of insulin decrease hypoglycemic increase gastric emptying so DIARRHEA

prevention screenings for women 4

monthly breast exams mammograms at age 40 annual pelvic and breast exams pap smear every 1-3 years

prevention screenings for men 2

monthly breast and testes exam | digital rectal and prostate over age 50

prevention screenings for BOTH

colonoscopy at 50 then q 10 years | annual fecal occult blood

module 4 Flashcards

(53 cards)