Module 4-A&P Skeleton 4.1

Question 1

What are some functions of the skeleton

Answer 1

1. Protects vital internal organs
2. All bones are storage areas for inorganic calcium and phosphorus salts.
3. Flat bones, such as those of the skull, ribs, and breastbone, produce blood cells.
4. Bones provide sites for attachment of muscle, tendons, and ligaments.
5. The long bones, particularly those of the legs and the arms, permit flexible body movement.
6. The large, heavy bones of the legs support the body against the pull of gravity.

Question 2

What does the skull protect?

Answer 2

The brain. The skull forms a protective encasement for the brain.

Question 3

What does the rib cage protect?

Answer 3

The rib cage provides protection for the heart and lungs.

Question 4

What is the skeleton comprised of?

Answer 4

The skeleton is comprised of a network of bones held together at joints.

Question 5

Flat bones, such as those of the skull, ribs, and breastbone, produce what?

Answer 5

blood cells

Question 6

What three things to bones provide sites for attachment of?

Answer 6

Bones provide sites for attachment of muscle, tendons, and ligaments.

Question 7

The long bones, particularly those of the legs and the arms, permit what function?

Answer 7

flexible body movement

Question 8

The large, heavy bones of the legs support the body against what?

Answer 8

the pull of gravity

Question 9

There are five basic bone shapes. Name them.

Answer 9

Long 
Flat
Short
Irregular
Sesamoid

Question 10

The shape of the bone determines its _______.

Answer 10

function

Question 11

Describe the shape and function of long bones.

Answer 11

Shape: Long bones are long and thin.
Function: Long bones support body weight and enable movement

Question 12

Name some examples of long bones.

Answer 12

Examples of long bones include the humerus, ulna, radius, tibia, fibula, metacarpals, and metatarsals

Question 13

Where are flat bones located and what do they protect?

Answer 13

Flat bones (such as in the cranium) form the roof of the skull to protect the brain.

Question 14

What is the shape of small bones? Name an example.

Answer 14

Short bones are small and cube-shaped.

An example: The carpals in the hand and tarsals in the foot are short bones.

Question 15

1. Irregular bones are varied in structure with two characteristics: _________ or __________.

Answer 15

Irregular bones are varied in structure with ridges or irregular surfaces.

Question 16

The vertebrae are irregular bones. What do they protect, and also enable?

Answer 16

The vertabrae protect the spinal cord, as well as enable spinal movements.

Question 17

What kind of bones are the pelvic bones?

Name the three pelvic bones.

Answer 17

Pelvic bones are: irregular bones. 
The three pelvic bones are: 
* ilium
* ischium
* pubis

Question 18

What is the shape of sesamoid bones? What do they reinforce?

Answer 18

Sesamoid bones are small and flat. They reinforce tendons.

Question 19

Name one example of a sesamoid bone.

Answer 19

The patella is an example of a sesamoid bone.

Question 20

Describe the look of these five basic bone shapes:

Long 
Flat
Short
Irregular
Sesamoid

Answer 20

Long - long and thin

Flat - flat and support cranium

Short - small and cube-shaped

Irregular-structure varies;w/ ridges & irregular surfaces

Sesamoid - small and flat

Question 21

What bone shape is found protect the skull?

Answer 21

Flat bones

Question 22

List four different characteristics that identify bone landmarks.

Answer 22

Each bone has distinct markings, ridges, grooves, or holes called bone landmarks.

Question 23

Bone landmarks serve several functions. Name several.

Answer 23

• Some bone landmarks allow for tendons to attach.
• Other markings indicate where nerves and blood vessels run alongside the bone or penetrate the bone to provide blood and nervous supply.

Question 24

Name the landmarks (3 of them) that are openings in the bone to allow for nerves, blood supply, or a passageway.

Answer 24

Foramen, canal, fissure

Question 25

What is the landmark that is hollow chamber in bone, usually filled with air

Answer 25

Sinus

Question 26

What are the landmarks: process and ramus?

Answer 26

elevations in bone

Question 27

Name the six processes or projections for tendon or ligament attachment.

Answer 27

Trochanter
Tuberosity
Tubercle
Crest
Line
Spine

Question 28

Name the five processes designed for articulation with adjacent bones.

Answer 28

Head
Neck
Condyle
Trochlea
Facet

Question 29

What are the two depressions in bone

Answer 29

Fossa

Sulcus

Question 30

Name the two main divisions in the human skeleton.

Answer 30

axial skeleton

appendicular skeleton

Question 31

Where does the axial skeleton lay on the body?

Answer 31

The axial skeleton lies on the midline of the body

Question 32

What makes up the axial skeleton? (Name all five).

Answer 32

Skull
Vertebral column
Sternum
Laryngeal skeleton
Thoracic (rib) cage

Question 33

What makes up the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 33

The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones within the pectoral and pelvic girdles and the attached limbs.