MODULE 4: ASSESSMENT OF OCULAR FUNCTION (Part 1) Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
What are the 4 types of VA?
A
- Detection (minimum visible)
- Resolution (minimum resolvable)
- Recognition (minimum recognizable)
- Hyperacuity (minimum discriminable
2
Q
- Refers to the smallest test object that can be detected.
A
Detection (minimum visible)
3
Q
- May grossly overestimate va in visually impaired children
A
Detection (minimum visible)
4
Q
stycar balls and ‘hundreds and thousands’
A
Detection (minimum visible)
5
Q
- Detection tasks are often less affected by visual impairment than complex acuity tasks
A
Detection (minimum visible)
6
Q
- Motor problem reducing control of fine hand movements rather than the inability to detect the targets could cause failure to the test.
A
Detection (minimum visible)
7
Q
- Measures the smallest angular separation between adjacent targets than can be resolved
A
RESOLUTION (MINIMUM RESOLVABLE)
8
Q
PL TEST AND VEP
A
RESOLUTION (MINIMUM RESOLVABLE)
9
Q
- More useful and sensitive measure of va than detection tests.
A
RESOLUTION (MINIMUM RESOLVABLE)
10
Q
- Can be successful in estimating acuity in infants from birth
A
RESOLUTION (MINIMUM RESOLVABLE)
11
Q
- Children from about 2.5 years of age can be tested successfully
A
RECOGNITION (MINIMUM RECOGNISABLE)
12
Q
- Refers to the ability to identify a form or its orientation
A
RECOGNITION (MINIMUM RECOGNISABLE)
13
Q
snellen chart, acuity tests that use both letters or other optotypes
A
RECOGNITION (MINIMUM RECOGNISABLE)
14
Q
smaller target size
A
RECOGNITION (MINIMUM RECOGNISABLE)
15
Q
larger target size
A
RESOLUTION (MINIMUM RESOLVABLE)
16
Q
affected by contour interaction - crowding phenomenon
A
RECOGNITION (MINIMUM RECOGNISABLE)
17
Q
not affected by contour interaction
A
RESOLUTION (MINIMUM RESOLVABLE)
18
Q
less degraded in peripheral retina, stimulates parafoveal area
A
RESOLUTION (MINIMUM RESOLVABLE)
19
Q
more degraded in peripheral retina, does not stimulate parafoveal areas
A
RECOGNITION (MINIMUM RECOGNISABLE)
20
Q
_____________ acuities are more sensitive to pathological and physiological degradation when compared with __________ acuities.
A
Recognition, resolution
21
Q
vernier acuity and stereoacuity
A
HYPERACUITY (MINIMUM DISCRIMINABLE)
22
Q
- Ability to determine differences between two stimuli (size, orientation and position)
A
HYPERACUITY (MINIMUM DISCRIMINABLE)
23
Q
- Limited less by optical and retinal factors
A
HYPERACUITY (MINIMUM DISCRIMINABLE)
24
Q
- Believed to reflect cortical processing
A
HYPERACUITY (MINIMUM DISCRIMINABLE)
25
Can detect children with reduced binocular acuity
VA
26
* Detect interocular acuity difference
VA
27
VA doesn't need to be test monocularly
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE
* Need to test va monocularly otherwise amblyopia will not be detected
28
* A VA test with one eye open only represents the VA in the good eye
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE
* A va test with both eyes open only represents the va in the good eye
29
To monitor the treatment efficacy (change in acuity resulting in spectacle rx)
VA
30
Test target are white balls with diameter ranging from 3mm - 6.16cm
STYCAR GRADED BALL TEST
31
In stycar graded ball test, the biggest ball fixed is recorded as estimate of child's acuity
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE
The smallest ball fixed is recorded as estimate of child's acuity
32
The child watches as the balls are presented (_____ or mounted on stick) against a ___________ _________ by the hidden examiner.
rolled, black screen
33
Screening Test for Young Children and Retardates
* Age: 3 months to 2 years
STYCAR GRADED BALL TEST
34
A not a reliable measure of VA
HUNDREDS AND THOUSANDS
35
* sprinkles are held in the palm of the hand are used to gain attention for infants over 6 months old
HUNDREDS AND THOUSANDS
36
At 9 months in hundreds and thousands, the baby may attempt to?
prod the decorations
37
At 1 yr old in hundreds and thousands, the baby may?
attempt to pick them up
38
A child will prefer to look at an object with visual interest (grating) rather than a plain field of the same luminance
PREFERENTIAL LOOKING
39
* Used from birth and most appropriate acuity test for children under 2.5 years
PREFERENTIAL LOOKING
40
* When the grating is too narrow to be differentiated, the child will ____ ________ at one side or the other
gaze randomly
41
What are the 2 types of PL pattern?
1. SQUARE-WAVE GRATINGS
2. VANISHING OPTOTYPES
42
alternating black and white lines of equal thickness and length
SQUARE-WAVE GRATINGS
43
use pictures constructed of black and white lines
VANISHING OPTOTYPES
44
the higher the _______ __________, the finer the grating
spacial frequency
45
What is the test distance and cardiff of PL?
o Test Distance: 40 cm
o Cardiff: 1m or 50cm
46
What is the procedure for PL?
* A gross target is presented first
* Cards are presented (unseen by the optom)
* Optom watches the infant through the peephole
* A judgement must be made by the optom if child is fixating to right or left/up or down (force-choice)
* VA is estimated as the highest spatial frequency (finest grating) the child was able to see.
47
In PL cards are presented only once.
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE
* Cards are presented atleast twice for a definite response.
48
In PL cards examiner should be aware of the position of the stimulus when presenting
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE
* Examiner should be unaware of the position of the stimulus when presenting to avoid bias
49
In PL, judgements must be based on eye movements rather than pointing/verbal response
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
50
letters or picture
MATCHING AND NAMING
51
Optotypes are?
isolated (uncrowded) or linear (crowded)
52
In matching and naming, older children are not allowed to use this test
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE
* Older children can name the picture or letter
53
Test distance of matching and naming?
3m or 6m
54
* Examiner presents the letter or picture targets
* Child chooses a match from the key card
MATCHING AND NAMING
55
A single picture -Snellen format 3/3 (6/6)-3/30 (6/60)
KAY PICTURE TEST
56
2-3 years of age
KAY PICTURE TEST AND LEA SYMBOLS
57
symbols are uniform in detail, line width and size
LEA SYMBOLS
58
What are lea shapes?
square, circle, house and apple (heart)
59
* uses Sheridan- Gardiner letters but presents letters in linear format
SONKEN-SILVER ACUITY SYSTEM
60
* 3.5 years of age
SONKEN-SILVER ACUITY SYSTEM
61
uses sheridan gardiner letters
CAMBRIDGE CROWDING CARDS
62
child has to identify the letter surrounded by four others
CAMBRIDGE CROWDING CARDS
63
* Contains contour interaction to elicit crowding phenomenon
CAMBRIDGE CROWDING CARDS
64
logMAR acuity test is previously known as?
Glasgow Acuity Cards
65
* Applies the Bailey-Lovie test
LogMAR ACUITY TEST
66
* Letter size decreases in logarithmic fashion
LogMAR ACUITY TEST
67
* Scoring system: each letter is scored ______ in logMAR acuity test
0.025
68
Uncrowded version of LogMAR ACUITY TEST are for?
2.5 - 3 years
69
Crowded version of LogMAR ACUITY TEST are for?
3.5 - 4 years
70
What are versions of LogMAR ACUITY TEST?
Illiterate/tumbling E
Landolt C
71
* those with neurological impairment or LV may have ___________ _______________
reduced accommodation
(NEAR VISION TESTING)
72
* children have ample accommodation and few near vision problems when distance EOR is corrected
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
73
NEAR VISION TESTING
KAY PICTURE
SHERIDAN-GARDINER
LEA NEAR CHART
CARDIFF NEAR TEST
74
HIDING HEIDI
CONTRAST SENSITIVITY
75
CARDIFF CONTRAST TEST
CONTRAST SENSITIVITY
76
* important for career related decisions and school related activities
COLOR VISION
77
Most commonly used test for CV?
ISHIHARA TEST
78
* crucial for children with visual impairment / defects
CONTRAST SENSITIVITY
79
* red-green color deficiency screening test
* do not screen for blue-yellow defects
ISHIHARA TEST
80
1st plate of ishihara test is not visible to all
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE
* 1st plate is visible to all regardless of CV status
81
14 plate edition of ishihara test px must get 14 correct to pass
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE
px must get 10 correct to pass
82
* 24 plate edition: plates 1-17 are administered to children who can't recognize numbers
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE
* 24 plate edition: plates 1-17 are administered to children who can recognize numbers
83
15 out of 17 is required to pass
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE
o 13 out of 17 is required to pass
84
o 18-24 - if px cannot identify numbers
traceable curving lines
85
* CV test that does not classify type or severity
* only normal vs abnormal CV
* 12 - 14 plate pseudoisochromatic test
* 3-5 years
* 75cm
COLOR VISION TEST MADE EASY
86
What contains the part 1 of CV test made easy?
circle, square and star targets
87
What contains the part 2 of CV test made easy?
boat, house, dog
88
part 1 of CV test made easy is not visible to all
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE
* 1st plate is test plate and visible to all
89
* helpful in identifying congenital and acquired CV defects
HARDY-RAND-RITTLER (HRR)
90
* can detect and classify R-G defects & B-Y defects
HARDY-RAND-RITTLER (HRR)
91
* child friendly shapes and mini paint brush
HARDY-RAND-RITTLER (HRR)
92
px is asked to arrange 15 colored discs in order of hue and intensity
FARNSWORTH D-15
93
* if the child fails demo plates?
px may be malingering or not cooperating, stop the test
94
* if child fails the 6 screening plates?
there are 14 subsequent plates to diagnose extent and type of defect
95
plates 5-6 are missed
B-Y defect is suspected
96
if error in 5-6 but no error in 21-24
mild defect
97
21-22, no error in 23-24
moderate defect
98
23-24 error
severe defect
99
* 7-10 error
R-G defect suspect
100
o only plates 5-6 are shown to concentrate on R-G defects
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE
o only plates 11-20 are shown to concentrate on R-G defects
101
o 11-15
defect is mild
102
o 16-18
defect is moderate
103
o 19-20
defect is severe
104
Ocular health of evaluation of ocular anterior
o Lids and Lashes
o Bulbar Conjunctiva
o Palpebral Conjunctiva
o Cornea
o Ant. Chamber Angle
o Iris
o Lens
105
Ocular health of evaluation of ocular posterior segment
o Cup/Disc Ratio
o A/V Ratio
o Vessel
o Venous Pulse
o Foveal Reflex
o Macula
o Vitreous
o Peripheral fundus
106
o indirect ophthalmoscope with ____D or ____D lens
20D or 28D
107
* older child: ______ ______
Slit lamp
108
* younger / uncooperative child?
hand held slit lamp
109
for px with short attention
* directed towards cc
