Module 4- cell communication Flashcards
(55 cards)
Closed system
Tends towards equilibrium
Open system
Tends away from equilibrium
Steady state
Flow in = Flow out
Conformers
Body temp adapts to their environment
Regulators
remain at relatively the same body temp
Homeostasis
Organisms maintain a target set point for all their processes
Positive feedback
Feedback loop that continually moves father and farther from the homeostatic target
Negative feedback loop
The body will stop/start processes to return the system back to homeostasis
Sensor
Senses the level of the variable
set point
desired level of the environment
Comparator
Compares what the sensor has read with what the set point is. It will send out an error signal if the environment isn’t at the set point.
Effector
Returns the environment back to set point when needed
Autocrine
Cell sends signal to itself
Paracrine
Cell sends signal to nearby cells
Endocrine
Cell sends signals through the blood stream to far cells
Endocrine Glands
Ductless glands that stays in the body
Exocrine Gland
Signals go to a duct that usually leads to the GI tract or the surface of the organism
Polar hormones
can pass though the blood alone but need a membrane protein to enter the cell
Non-Polar hormones
Need protein carriers in the blood but can enter the cell on its own
Affinity
Strength of a bond
Membrane bound receptors
Receptors on the outside of the cell and cause a transduction pathway without the signal having to enter the cell
Cytoplasmic receptor
Receptor inside the cell which brings the signal into the nucleus
Open circulatory system
fluid- hemolymph
oxygen transfer- sinuses
pump- Heart
closed circulatory system
Fluid- blood
Oxygen transfer- capillaries
pump- heart
