Module 4 : Embryology Of The Femal Pelvis Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Module 4 : Embryology Of The Femal Pelvis Deck (15)
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1
Q

Relationship between genital and urinary system

A
  • develop at the same time

- both arise from mesoderm that initially takes form as the WOLFFIAN BODY

2
Q

XX or XY

A
  • sex of embryo determined by father at fertilization

- genital tracts of both male and female are same up until 7 weeks from LMP

3
Q

Yolk sac

A
  • germ cells that sex the embryo originate in the yolk sac

- differentiate from another germ cell and then migrate to the gonadal ridge ( anteromedial side of wolffian duct)

4
Q

Wolffian ducts

A
  • mesonephros ( 2nd stage kidney)

- in males hormones (testes inducer) cause differentiation and growth of wolffian ducts and inhibit Müllerian duct

5
Q

Müllerian ducts

A
  • paramesonephric ducts
  • paired with wolffian duct
  • with no male hormones the wolffian ducts regress and the Müllerian ducts are stimulated by maternal hormones (estrogens)
  • forms = Fallopian tubes, uterus, proximal vagina
6
Q

Vagina origin

A
  • dual origin: upper portion from the Müllerian ducts and lower portion from urogenital sinus
  • if fusion is incomplete and imperforate (not permeable) hymen will result
  • everyone has a hymen but supposed to be permeable
7
Q

Development of Fallopian tubes and upper vagina

A
  • cranially ends of Müllerian ducts form the Fallopian tubes

- caudal ends of the ducts form the uterus and upper vagina

8
Q

Abnormal Müllerian duct development

A
  • arrested development
  • failure of fusion
  • incomplete resorption
9
Q

Arrested development

A
  • if one or both Müllerian ducts do not develop
    • uterine aplasia (completely absent)
    • unicornuate uterus (1/2 uterus with everything else)
  • Mayer-Rokitansky- Kuster- Hauser
    + complete agenisis of uterus and vagina
    + MRKH syndrome
10
Q

Failure of fusion

A
- the Müllerian ducts develop but fail to fuse together 
   \+ uterus didelphys
          - 2 complete systems (severe) 
          - has higher association with renal agenis
   \+ uterus bicornis Bicollis
         - 1 vag, 2cx, 2 ut
   \+ uterus bicornis Unicollis
         - 1 vag, 1 cx, 2 horns uterus 
         - bicornuate uterus 
         - most common seen on us 
   \+ uterus Arcutus
         - bump in fundus outside
11
Q

Bicornuate uterus

A
  • serosal indent (outside or uterus) greater than 10mm at fundus
12
Q

Incomplete resorption

A
  • Müllerian ducts fuse but the septum is not reabsorped
    +uterus septus
    + uterus subseptus
  • ost common occurring of all Müllerian anomalies
  • poorest reproductive outcomes
    +bad vascular supply can’t support fetus
    -can be fixed
13
Q

Septate uterus

A
  • serosal (outside) surface has a normal contour
  • indentation of greater than 1cm of the endometrium from the fundus
  • septum is entire endometrial canal
  • subseptate only partially down canal
14
Q

T shaped uterus

A
  • specific uterine anomaly in women exposed to DES while in embryo
  • T shaped uterus means less volume meaning preterm deliveries
  • can not see on us
  • DES given to stop spontaneous abortion
  • discontinued caused carcinoma in vagina
  • used to treat seizures
15
Q

Thalidomide

A
  • used to lessen morning sickness
  • caused limb abnormalities
  • now being used to combat aids and leprosy