Module 4 Muscle Physiology/Cat Flashcards
(61 cards)
Depolarization is when the _______ becomes __________ charged
Depolarization is when the CELL INTERIOR/INTERIOR OF MEMBRANE becomes LESS NEGATIVELY charged (reversal of RMP)
Repolarization is when ___ ions move ___ the cell restoring ______
Repolarization is when K+ ions move OUT the cell restoring RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL (reestablishment of RMP)
Action potential is the rapid _____ and ____ of the ____ that is propagated along the entire ___ from the point of _____
Action potential is the rapid DEPOLARIZATION and REPOLARIZATION of the MEMBRANE that is propagated along the entire MEMBRANE from the point of STIMULATION
Absolute refractory period is when ____ of any _____ will ___ a new ______
Absolute refractory period is when NO STIMULUS of any STRENGTH will TRIGGER a new ACTION POTENTIAL
Relative refractory period is when it is ____ to ____ a _____ but only with an ________________
Relative refractory period is when it is POSSIBLE to TRIGGER a NEW ACTION POTENTIAL but only with an UNUSUALLY STRONG STIMULUS
A muscle twitch is a ________ of ____ muscle
A muscle twitch is a SINGLE CONTRACTION of SKELETAL muscle
Latent period is the interval from ______ until the ____ begins to ____
Latent period is the interval from STIMULUS APPLICATION until the MUSCLE begins to SHORTEN
Period of contraction is when the…
Period of contraction is when the MUSCLE FIBERS SHORTEN
Period of relaxation (is represented by a ______ on tracings) is when ______ ___ and _____
Period of relaxation (is represented by a DOWNWARD CURVE on tracings) is when MUSCLE FIBERS RELAX and LENGTHEN
Motor unit is a ____ motor ___ and all of the ____ within a ___ that it ____
Motor unit is a SINGLE motor NEURON and all of the FIBERS within a MUSCLE that it ACTIVATES
- Threshold stimulus = ___ at which the first perceptible _____ ____ is obtained
- Subthreshold stimulus = ______ applied prior to this point
- Maximal stimulus = ____ stimulus at which all _____ are being ____
- Threshold stimulus = VOLTAGE at which the first perceptible CONTRACTILE RESPONSE is obtained
- Subthreshold stimulus = ALL STIMULUS applied prior to this point
- Maximal stimulus = WEAKEST stimulus at which all MUSCLE FIBERS are being STIMULATED
Wave/Temporal summation is when a ____ is stimulated with a ___ series of ____ of the _____ before it has had a chance to ____ completely
Wave/Temporal summation is when a MUSCLE is stimulated with a RAPID series of STIMULI of the SAME INTENSITY before it has had a chance to RELAX completely
Complete tetanus is when ____ to a particular _____ are repeated so _____ that decrease of ____ between stimuli ____ be detected.
Complete tetanus is when STIMULI to a particular MUSCLE are repeated so RAPIDLY that decrease of TENSION between stimuli CANNOT be detected.
Reflexes are ____, ____, ____ motor responses to ____.
Reflex arcs are _____ and ____ mechanisms that controls a ___.
Reflexes are RAPID, PREDICTABLE, INVOLUNTARY motor responses to STIMULI.
Reflex arcs are NEUROLOGICAL and SENSORY mechanisms that controls a REFLEX.
Autonomic reflexes are reflexes we are ______
vs Somatic reflexes include reflexes that involve ____ of _______
Autonomic reflexes are reflexes we are NOT USUALLY AWARE OF
vs Somatic reflexes include reflexes that involve STIMULATION of SKELETAL MUSCLE
Why is reflex testing important?
It assesses the condition of the nervous system - can pinpoint level of injury (ex, spinal cord injury, motor nerves at lesion site)
Name, identify, and describe the function of each element of a reflex arc
- Receptor - site of stimulus action
- Sensory neuron - transmits afferent impulses to CNS
- Integration center - synapses between sensory and motor neuron
- Motor neuron - conducts efferent impulses from integration center to effector organ
- Effector - muscle fiber or gland cell that responds to efferent impulses by contracting or secreting
Name and describe a few reflexes, their function, and if they’re somatic or autonomic
- Corneal reflex - trigeminal nerve - assesses damage to brain stem - somatic
- Pupillary reflex - retina of eye is receptor - assesses trauma or deterioration of vital brain stem tissue - autonomic
Identify the muscles
Identify the muscles
Identify the muscles
Identify the muscles
Identify the muscles
Identify the muscles
