Module 3 Introduction to the Skeletal System Flashcards
(65 cards)
List the functions of the skeletal system
- Supports and protects body
- Movement of body
- Storage of lipids and minerals (calcium most important)
- Blood cell formation (through red marrow of bones)
What is the axial skeleton?
(Green in picture)
Bones that lie around the body’s center of gravity
Name the 3 parts of the axial skeleton
- Skull
- Vertebral Column
- Thoracic cage
(green part of picture)
What is the appendicular skeleton?
(Gold in picture)
Bones of the limbs or appendages
What are the 3 major types of skeletal cartilages?
- Hyaline cartilage
- Elastic cartilage
- Fibrocartilage
Where is hyaline cartilage located?
- Articular cartilages (covers ends of most bones at movable joints)
- Costal cartilages (connect the ribs to sternum)
- Respiratory cartilages (found in larynx and other respiratory structures)
- Nasal cartilages (support external nose)
Where is elastic cartilage located?
External ear and epiglottis (guardian of airway)
Where is fibrocartilage found?
- Intervertebral discs (pads located between vertebrae)
- Menisci (pads located in knee joint)
- Pubic symphysis (where hip bones join anteriorly)
Name the 4 main groups of bones based on shape
- Short
- Irregular
- Long
- Flat
What are examples of the 4 main groups of bones based on shape?
- Short = (tarsals, carpals)
- Irregular= (vertebraes)
- Long (femur, phalanges, humerus)
- Flat= (sternum)
What do short bones look like?
Typically cube shaped - contain more spongy bone than compact bone
What do irregular bones look like?
Bones that do not fit the other categories (short, long, flat)
What do long bones look like?
Longer than they are wide - generally consisting of a shaft with heads at either end
What do flat bones look like?
Thin with 3 wafer-like layers of compact bone sandwiching a thicker layer of spongy bone between them
What do bone markings do?
Reveal where bones form joints with with other bones - where muscles, tendons, and ligaments were attached and where blood vessels and nerves passed
What 2 main categories do bone markings fall into?
- Projections: grow out from bone and serve as sites of muscle attachment or help form joints
- Depressions or openings: often serve as conduits for nerves and blood vessels
What are the names of the bone markings of projections that are sites of muscle and ligament attachment?
- Spine: sharp, slender, often pointed projection
- Line: narrow ridge of bone, less prominent than a crest
- Trochanter: very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (only example is on femur)
- Process: bony prominence
- Tuberosity: large rounded projection, may be roughened
- Tubercle: small rounded projection or process
- Crest: narrow ridge of bone, usually prominent
- Epicondyle: raised in area on or above a condyle
What are the names of the bone markings of projections that help form joints?
- Head: bony expansion carried on a narrow neck
- Facet: smooth, nearly flat articular surface
- Condyle: rounded articular projection
- Ramus: arm like bar of bone
What are the names of the bone markings for passage of vessels and nerves?
- Notch: indentation at edge of a strcutre
- Fissure: narrow, slit-like opening
- Foramen: round or oval opening through a bone
What are the names of other bone markings?
- Sinus: bone cavity, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane
- Fossa: shallow basin-like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface
- Meatus: canal-like passageway
Identify all major anatomical areas on a longitudinally cut long bone
Identify all major anatomical areas on a longitudinally cut long bone
Locate the major parts of an osteon
Identify the interstitial lamellae, central canal, and lacuna (with osteocyte)
