Module 4 Quiz Flashcards by Bridget Frederick

Black-tipped Hangingfly courtship ritual gains for each sex

males: increases fitness with longer matings, sperm # increase
females: larger prey gifts = gain energy and spend less time foraging

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Variance to Mean Ratio formula

s2 / mean

first you do SS (number - average )^2 and do this for each value

at the end add it together for the sum SS

s2 = SS (n-1)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which of the dispersion patterns functions as a null hypothesis

random

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

biological population

group of interacting individuals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

promiscuous

mating: both male + females have mulitple partners

parental care: varies

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what type of niche is associated with bioitic interactions

realized niche

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Index of Aggregation

A > 2

distribution is aggregrated (clumped)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

examples/characteristics of species with broad distribution

humans

e. coli

norway rats

migrating species

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Black-tipped Hangingfly courtship ritual costs

males: increase time spent foraging

increase risk of predation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

distance methods

establish transect through habitat

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

genet

genetically different individuals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Plot methods

establish plots of known sizes, and then count the number of

individuals in each plot

accurate, time consuming

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

polygynous

mating: male + many females

parental care: female

males fight for territories or control resources

commn when resources are clumped

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

factors that influence distribution and abduance

habitat suitability

biotic influences

historical influences

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

crypsis

organism resembles its background

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

historical influences

plate tectonics = evolutionary history

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

sexual selection

traits that are advantegous for mating

does not adapt the individuals to their environment

frequently result in sexual dimorphism due to selective pressures

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

aggressive mimicry

manipulate the behaviour of their prey by making signals

avoid being correctly identified by their prey or host.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

mark -recapture

used to estimate the size of a population where you can’t count each indvidual

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How do firefly species utilize bioluminescence?

species recognition for mating

warn predators

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

tolerance range

ultimate dictaors of distribution

zones of physiogical stress greatly influence abduance

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

regular distribution

resources spaced evenly

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Distribution and Abundance are dynamically both

spatial and temporal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ultimate mechanism

why the behavior occured?

adaptive value

phylogeny

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

bioluminescence

production and emission of light by a living organism camoflauge

Lincoln - Peterson Index Confidence Interval

(1.96)(SEN\*)

Index of Aggregation If A = 2

distribution is random

biotic interactions

dependent on other organisms other species can limit suitable habitat

sexual dimorphism

males and females of the same species appear externally different

mimicry

organism resembles another

Dispersion

movement of individuals from one place to another.

line transects

measures distance to individuals and who visible from transect line

kelp forests benefits

increase productivity archeicture stop costal erosion

random distribution

unpredictable spacing ## Footnote **uncommon**

IF s2 / average \> 1

clumped/aggregate

To get Actual population size (maximum) or (minimum)

Subtract N +/- confidence interval

Plotless methods

measuring the distance from randomly established points in the habitat to the nearest individual in the population ## Footnote **extremely accurate, less time**

intersexual selection

between sex interactions female choice of mate

mullerian mimicry

exhibition of similar characteristics by similar species to avoid predators

IF s2 / average = 1

random

Lincoln-Peterson Index

N^* = _M (C + 1)_ / R + 1 ## Footnote **M = individuals marked in 1^st sampling** **C = individuals captured in 2^nd sampling** **R = recaptured individuals (marked) in 2^nd sampling**

Index of Aggregation If A \< 2

distribution is uniform

floater males

subordinate, smaller males

Index of Aggregation (A)

A = (number of points + 1) (sum of di⁴ of all points) ------------------------------------------------------- sum of all points of (di² )²

ramet

physiological individual

how **clonal** organisms complicate abundance measurements

complicate population counts

examples of species with limited distributions

endemic species

intrasexual selection

within sex interaction male-male competition for mates

proximate mechanism

how the behavior occurred ontogeny

clumped distrubtion

resources are in patches ## Footnote **most common**

concerns/issues associated with endemic species with limited ranges?

high risk extinction

dispersion

pattern of the movement

dispersal limitation

evolutionary history impedes movement or colonization

what type of niche is associated with historical influences

dispersal limitation

abduance based on

individuals

Lincoln-Peterson Index Standard Error (SE)

SE_N* = take the square root _M²(C + 1)(C - R)_ ------------------------------------------------- (R + 1)²(R +2)

kelp forests is a productive ecosystem due to

upwellings + kelp

three main types of dispersion patterns

random clumped regular

Tessellated Darter

**parental care:** males care for other male nests for enticement **mating system:** polyandrous **proximate:** **ultimate:**

metapopulation

collection of smaller isolated population

monogamous

**mating**: male + 1 female **parental care:** both sexes

T test for Index of Aggregation to determine whether A is significantly different than 2

*t* = 4(n - 1) ÷ [(n+2)(n + 3)]

quadrat count

pick "x" # of quadrats at random count # of individuals in each estimates averagae to overall area of habitat

IF s2 / x \< 1

regular/uniform

polyandrous

**mating:** female + many males **parental care**: males females fight for territories or control resources

batesian mimicry

exhibition of the characteristics of a dangerous species by a harmless species to avoid predators

metapopulation and patches

patches quality difference dispersal common between patches

Variance to Mean ratio

quantify dispersion patterns for plot methods

area based counts

divides habitat into quadrats specific parameter of quadrats dependent on species

habitat suitability and ranges

influenced by abiotic factors tolerance ranges

how clonal organisms can form

runners parthenogensis budding

dominant males

mate mutiple times with different mates

Assumptions of measuring abundance

work better for sessile organisms

Black-tipped Hangingfly males courtship

males captures prey to give to females **(intersexual selection)** release phermones to entice females

what niche is associated with habitat suitability

fundamental niche

To test if dispersion is nonrandom

t = [(s² / average ) – 1] / [√2 / (n-1)]

dispersal

movement of individuals

Module 4 Quiz Flashcards

(77 cards)