Module 4: Social Psychology

Question 1

phenomenon of explaining other peoples behaviours are due to internal factors and our own behaviours are due to situational forces

Answer 1

actor-observer bias

Question 2

prejudice and discrimination toward indivduals based solely on their age

Answer 2

ageism

Question 3

motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause harm or pain to another person

Answer 3

hostile aggression

Question 4

motivated by acheieving a goal and does not neccessarily involve intent to cause pain or harm

Answer 4

instrumental aggression

Question 5

humans desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits of helping

Answer 5

altruism

Question 6

group majority influences an indivduals judgement, even when that judgement is inaccurate

unequal lines experiement

Answer 6

Asch effect

Question 7

evaluations of or feelings toward a person, idea, or object that are typically positive or negative

Answer 7

attitude

Question 8

explanation for the behavior of other people

Answer 8

attribution

Question 9

a person, often an adolescent, being treated negatively repeatedly and over time

Answer 9

bullying

Question 10

situation in which a witness or bystander does not volunteer to help a victim or person in distress

Answer 10

bystander effect

Question 11

type of persuasion

logic-driven arguments using data and facts to convince people of an arguments worthiness

Answer 11

central route persuasion

Question 12

psychological discomfort that arises from a conflict in a persons behaviors, attitudes, or beliefs that runs counter to ones positive self-perception

Answer 12

cognitive dissonance

Question 13

culture that focuses on communal relationships with others such as family, friends, and community

Answer 13

collectivist culture

Question 14

type of love consisting of intimacy and commitment, but not passion.

associated with close friendships and family relationships

Answer 14

companionate love

Question 15

person who works for a researcher and is aware of the experiment, but who acts as a participant; used to manipulate social situations as part of the research design.

Answer 15

confederate

Question 16

seeking out information that supports our stereotypes while ignoring information that is inconsistent with our stereotypes

Answer 16

confirmation bias

Question 16

when indivduals change their behaviour to go along with the group even if they do not agree with the group

Answer 16

conformity

Question 17

type of love occurring when intimacy, passion, and commitment are all present

Answer 17

consummate love

Question 18

repeated behavior that is intended to cause psychological or emotional harm to another person and that takes place online.

Answer 18

cyberbullying

Question 19

tendency for no one in a group to help because the responsibility to help is spread throughout the group

Answer 19

diffusion of responsibility

Question 20

negative actions toward indivduals as a result of their membership in a particular group

Answer 20

discrimination

Question 21

describes a perspective common to personality psychologists, which assers that our behaviour is dteremined by internal factors, such as personality traits and temperament

Answer 21

dispositionism

Question 22

capacity to understand another person’s perspective-to feel what he or she feels

Answer 22

empathy

Question 23

persuasion of one person by another person, encouraging a person to agree to a small favour, or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favpur or purchase of a larger item

Answer 23

foot-in-the-door technique

Question 24

strengthening of the original group attitude after discussing views within the group

Answer 24

group polarization

Question 24

tendency to overemphasize internal factors as attributions for behavior and underestimate the power of the situation

Answer 24

fundamental attribution error

Question 24

group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus

Answer 24

groupthink

Question 25

tendency for people to form social networks, including friendships, marriage, business relationships, and many other types of relationships, with others who are similar.

Answer 25

homophily

Question 25

prejudice and discrimination against indivduals based solely on their sexual orientation

Answer 25

homophobia

Question 26

in-group

Answer 26

group that we identify with or see ourselves as belonging to

Question 27

preference for our own group over other groups

Answer 27

in-group bias

Question 28

culture that focuses on indivdual achievement and autonomy

Answer 28

indivudalistic culture

Question 29

conformity to a group norm prompted by the belief that the group id competent and has the correct information

Answer 29

informational social influence

Question 30

internal attribute of a person, such as personality traits or temperment

Answer 30

internal factor

Question 31

ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve

Answer 31

just-world hypothesis

Question 32

theory that people value goals and achievements more when they have put more effort into them

Answer 32

justification of effort

Question 33

conformity to a group norm to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by the group

Answer 33

normative social influence

Question 34

change of behavior to please an authority figure or to avoid aversive consequences

Answer 34

obedience

Question 35

group that we do not belong to- one that we view as fundamentally different from us

Answer 35

out-group

Question 36

one person persuades another person; an indirect route that relies on association of peripheral cues (such as positive emotions and celebrity endorsement) to associate positivity with a message

Answer 36

peripheral route persuasion

Question 37

process of changing our attitude toward something based on some form of communication

Answer 37

persuasion

Question 38

nagative attitudes and feelings towards indivduals based solely on their membership in a particular group

Answer 38

prejudice

Question 39

voluntary behavior with the intent to help other people

Answer 39

prosocial behaviour

Question 40

prejudice and discrimination toward indivduals based solely on their race

Answer 40

racism

Question 41

give and take in relationships

Answer 41

reciprocity

Question 42

type of love consisting of intimacy and passion, but no commitment

Answer 42

romantic love

Question 43

act of blaming an out-group when the in-group experiences frustration or is blocked from obtaining a goal

Answer 43

scapegoating

Question 44

persons knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

Answer 44

script

Question 45

sharing personal information in relationships

Answer 45

self-disclosure

Question 46

treating stereotyped group members according to our biased expectations only to have this treatment influence the indivdual to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs

Answer 46

self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 47

tendency for indivduals to take credit by making dispositional or interal attributions for positive outcomes and situational or external attributions for negative outcomes

Answer 47

self-serving bias

Question 48

prejudice and discrimination toward indivduals based on their sex

Answer 48

sexism

Question 49

describes a perspective that behaviour and actions are determined by the immediate environment and surrounding; a view promoted by social psychologists

Answer 49

situationism

Question 50

humans act as naive economists in keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintaining a relationship, with the goal to maximize benefits and minimize costs

Answer 50

social exchange theory

Question 51

improved performance when an audience is watching versus when the indivdual performs the behavior alone.

Answer 51

social facilitation

Question 52

exertion of less effort by a person working in a group because indivdual performance cannot be evaluated spereately from the group, thus causing performance decline on easy tasks.

Answer 52

social loafing

Question 53

groups expectations regarding what is appropriate and acceptable for the thoughts and behaviours of its members.

Answer 53

social norm

Question 54

field of psychology that examines how people impact or affect each other, with particular focus on the power of the situation

Answer 54

social psychology

Question 55

socially defined pattern of behaviour that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

Answer 55

social role

Question 56

Stanford University conducted an experiment in a mock prison that demonstrated the power of social roles, social norms, and scripts

Answer 56

stanford prison experiment

Question 57

specific beliefs or assumptions about indivduals based solely on their membership in a group, regardless of their indivdual characteristics

Answer 57

stereotype

Question 58

model of love based on three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment; several types of love exist, depending on the presence or absence of each of these components | sternberg

Answer 58

triangular theory of love