Module 6: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

suggests that past trauma can continue to cause emotional distress if the memory of that trauma is not fully processed; model of PTSD

Answer 1

Adaptive information processcing model of PTSD

Question 2

anxiety disorder characterized by intense fear, anxiety, and avoidance of situations in which it might be difficult to escape if one experiences symptoms of a panic attack

Answer 2

agoraphobia

Question 3

one of the four categories of PTSD symptoms; include irritability or aggression, increased risk taking, hyper vigilance, jumpiness, and difficulty with concentration or sleep

Answer 3

alterations in arousal and reactivity

Question 4

characterized by lack of regard for others rights, impulsivity, decietfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

Answer 4

antisocial personality disorder

Question 5

chracterized by excessive and persistent fear and anxiety, and by related disturbances in behavior

Answer 5

anxiety disorder

Question 6

childhood disorder charcterized by inattentiveness and/or hyperactive, impulsive behaviour

Answer 6

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Question 7

describes behaviours or feelings that deviate from the norm

Answer 7

atypical

Question 8

childhood disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication, and repeptitive patterns of behavior or interests

Answer 8

autism spectrum disorder

Question 9

one of the four categories of PTSD symptoms; occur when the individual avoids stimuli or thoughts and feelings associated with the trauma

Answer 9

avoidance symptoms

Question 10

group of mood disorders in which mania is the defining feature

Answer 10

bipolar and related disorders

Question 11

mood disorder characterized by mood states that vacillate between depression and mania

Answer 11

bipolar disorder

Question 12

involves excessive preoccupation with an imagined defect in physical appearance

Answer 12

body dysmorphic disorder

Question 13

instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood, as well as impulsivity; key feature include intolerance of being alone and fear of abandonment, unstable relationships, unpredictable behaviour and moods, and intense and innapropriate anger

Answer 13

borderline personality disorder

Question 14

decreased reactivity to the environment; includes posturing and catatonic stupor

Answer 14

catatonic behaviour

Question 15

co-occurence of two disorders in the same individual

Answer 15

comorbidity

Question 16

a varaint of PTSD included in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) but it has yet to be included in the DSM

Answer 16

complex PTSD (C-PTSD)

Question 17

belief that is contrary to reality and is firmly held, despite contradictory evidence

Answer 17

delusion

Question 18

dissociative disorder in which people feel detached from the self (depersonalization), and the world feels artificial and unreal (derealization)

Answer 18

depersonalization/derealization disorder

Question 19

one of a group of mood disorders in which depression is a defining feature

Answer 19

depressive disorder

Question 20

determination of which disorder a set of symptoms represents

Answer 20

diagnosis

Question 21

authoritative index of mental disorders and the criteria for their diagnosis; published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA)

Answer 21

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)

Question 22

suggests that people with a predispostition for aa disorder (a diathesis) are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with stress; model of psychopathy

Answer 22

diathesis-stress model

Question 23

disjointed and incoherent thought processes, ususally detected by what a person says

Answer 23

disorganized thinking

Question 24

highly unusal behaviours and movements (such as child-like behaviours), repeated and purposeless movements, and displaying odd facial expressions and gesture

Answer 24

disorganized/abnormal motor behaviour

Question 25

dissociative disorder chraxterized by an inablity to recall important personal information, usually following an extremely stressful or traumatic experience

Answer 25

dissociative amnesia

Question 26

group of DSM-5 disorders in which the primary feature is that a person becomes dissociated, or split off, from their core sense of self, resulting in disturbances in identity and memory.

Answer 26

dissociative disorders

Question 27

symptom of dissociative amnesia in which a person suddenly wanders away from ones home and experiences confusion about his or her identity

Answer 27

dissociative fugue

Question 28

dissociative disorder (formerly known as multiple personality disorder) in which a person exhibits two or more distinct, well-defined personaliites or identitiies and experiences memory gaps for the time during which another identity emerged

Answer 28

dissociative identity disorder

Question 29

theory od schizophrenia that proposes that an overabundance of dopamine or dopamine receptors is responsible for the onset and maintenance of schizophrenia

Answer 29

dopamine hypothesis

Question 30

cause or causes of a psychological disorder

Answer 30

etiology

Question 31

psychological state lasting from a few seconds to several days, during ehich one relives a traumatic event and behvaes as though the event were occuring at that moment

Answer 31

flashback

Question 32

symptom of mania that involves an abruptly switching in conversation from one topic to another

Answer 32

flight of ideas

Question 33

characterized by a continuous state of excessive, uncontrollable, and pointless worry and apprehension

Answer 33

generalized anxiety disorder

Question 34

characterized by beliefs that one holds special power, unique knowledge, or is extremely important

Answer 34

grandoise delusion

Question 35

perceptual experience that occurs in the absence of external stimulation, such as auditory -------------- (hearing voices), common to schizophrenia

Answer 35

hallucination

Question 36

model of psychological disorders resulting from the inability of an internal mechanism to perform its natural function

Answer 36

harmful dysfunction

Question 37

characterized by persistent difficulty in parting with posessions regardless of their actual value/usefulness

Answer 37

hoarding disorder

Question 38

cognitive theory of depression proposing that a style of thinking that perceives negative life events as having stable and global causes leads to a sense of hopelessness and then to depression

Answer 38

hopelessness theory

Question 39

one of the four categories of PTSD symptoms; occur when traumatic event is re-expeirenced through memories, nightmares, flashbacks, and emotional or physical reactivity after exposure to stimuli associated with the truama

Answer 39

intrusion symptoms

Question 40

authoritative index of mental and physical diseases, including infectious diseases, and the criteria for their diagnosis; published by the World Health Organization (WHO)

Answer 40

International Classification of Diseases (ICD)

Question 41

suggests that some symptoms are developed and maintained through classical conditioning; model of PTSD

Answer 41

Learning and Cognitive Processing Model of PTSD

Question 42

area of the brainstem that contains norephinephrine, a neurotransmitter that triggers the bodys fight or flight response; has been implicated in panic disorder

Answer 42

locus coeruleus

Question 43

commonly reffered to as "depression" or "major depression", characterized by sadness or loss of pleasure in usual activities, as well as other symptoms

Answer 43

major depressive disorder

Question 44

state of extreme elation or agitation

Answer 44

mania

Question 45

period in which an individual experiences mania, characterized by extremely cheerful and euphoric modd, excessive talkativeness, irritablility, increased activity levels, and other symptoms

Answer 45

manic episode

Question 46

one of a group of disorders charcterized by severe disturbances in mood and emotions; the categories of mood disorders listed in the DSM-5 are bipolar and related disorders and depressive disorders

Answer 46

mood disorder

Question 47

one of the four categories of PTSD symptoms; involve pervasive negative mood, feelings os isolation, extreme negative beliefs about the self or the world, and problems with memory, often specific to truama related memories

Answer 47

negative alteration in cognitions and mood

Question 48

charcterized by decreaases and absences in certain normal behaviours, emotions, or drives, such as expressionless face, lack of motivation to engage in activities, reduced speech, lack of social engagement, and inability to experience pleasure

Answer 48

negative symptom

Question 49

one of the disorders that are first diagnosed in childhood and involve developmental problems in academic, intellectual, and social functioning

Answer 49

neurodevelopmental disorder

Question 50

group of overlapping disorders listed in the DSM-5 that involves intrusive, unpleasant thoughts and/or repetitive behaviours

Answer 50

obsessive-compulsive and related disorders

Question 51

charcaterized by the tendency yo experience intrusive and unwanted thoughts and urges (obsession) and/or need to engage in repetitiive behaviouts or mental acts (compulsions) in response to the unwanted thoughts and urges

Answer 51

obsessive compulsive disorder

Question 52

area of the frontal lobe involved in learning and decision making

Answer 52

orbitofrontal cortex

Question 53

period of extreme fear or discomfort that devlops abruptly; symptoms of panic attacks are both physiological and psychological

Answer 53

panic attack

Question 54

anxiety disorder charcterized by unexpected panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behaviour related to the attacks

Answer 54

panic disorder

Question 55

characterized by beliefs that others are out to harm them

Answer 55

paranoid delusion

Question 56

subtype of depression that applies to those who experience an episode of major depression either during pregnancy or in the four weeks following childbirth

Answer 56

peripartum onset

Question 57

depressive disorder characterized by a chronically sad and melancholy mood

Answer 57

peristent depressive disorder

Question 58

group of DSM-5 diorders charcterized by an inflexible pervasive personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of ones culture and causes distress and impairment; people with these disorders have a personalitu style that frequently brings them into conflict with others and disrupts their ability to develop and maintain social realtionships

Answer 58

personality disorder

Question 59

experiencing a profundly traumatic event leads to a constellation of symptoms that include intrusive and distressing memories of the event, avoidance of stimuli connected to the event, negative emotional states, feelings of detachment from others, irritablility, proness towards outburts, hypervigilance, and a tendency to startle easily; these symptoms must occcur for at least one month

Answer 59

post traumatic stress disorder PTSD

Question 60

in schizophrenia, one of the early minor symptoms of psychosis

Answer 60

prodromal symptom

Question 61

condition charcterized by abmormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviours

Answer 61

psychological disorder

Question 62

study of psychological disorders, including their symptoms, causes, and treatment; manifestation of a psychological disorder

Answer 62

psychopathology

Question 63

in depression, tendency to repetitiively and passively dwell on ones depressed symptoms, their meanings, and their consequences

Answer 63

rumination

Question 64

mental and behaviour acts designed to reduce anxiety in social sitautions by reducing the chance of negative social outcomes; common in social anxiety disorder

Answer 64

safety behaviour

Question 65

severe disorder characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, emotion, and behavior with symptoms that include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and behavior, and negative symptoms

Answer 65

schizophrenia

Question 66

subtype of depression in which a person experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular part of the year

Answer 66

seasonal pattern

Question 67

charcterized by extreme and persistent fear or anxiety and avoidance of social situations in which one could potentially be evaluated negatively by others

Answer 67

social anxiety disorder

Question 68

belief that something highly unusual is happening to ones body or internal organs

Answer 68

somatic delusion

Question 69

anxiety disorder charcterized by excessive, distressing, and peristent fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation

Answer 69

specific phobia

Question 70

thoughts of death by suicide, thinking about ot planning suicide, or making a suicide attempt

Answer 70

suicidal ideation

Question 71

death caused by intentional, self-directed injurious behaviour

Answer 71

suicide

Question 72

describes a force beyond scientific understanding

Answer 72

supernatural

Question 73

one of the fluid-filled cavaties of the brain

Answer 73

ventricle