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BMSC 220 > Module 4: Structure/Function of Plasma Membrane > Flashcards

Module 4: Structure/Function of Plasma Membrane Flashcards

1
Q

What are apical?

A

they are plasma membrane that absorb substances from the lumen.

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2
Q

What is lateral?

A

cell contact.

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3
Q

Basal?

A

Substratum contact, ion gradients

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4
Q

Function of antibodies with fluorescent tag?

A

They can detect and demonstrate the distribution of different proteins.

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5
Q

What is the best studied and well understood plasma membrane?

A

Human erythrocyte.

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6
Q

Define Spectrin:

A

They are major component of the internal membrane skeleton. They are also molecules are attached to the membrane surface to Ankyrin.

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7
Q

What are actin?

A

42 kDa protein – multifunctional, also present in microfilament.

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8
Q

What are Tropomyosin?

A

2-stranded (hetero or homodimer) alpha-helical coiled coil,
65 kDa, functions in microfilaments.

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9
Q

What are Ankyrin?

A
  • Mediates interaction with integral membrane proteins such as Band-3, 206 kDa.
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10
Q

What are Glycophorin A?

A

Transmembrane dimer, each subunit is a single pass protein, heavily glycosylated about 1 million molecules/erythrocyte, first membrane protein to be sequenced.

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11
Q

What are Band 3-

A

Multipass homodimer, binds to ankyrin, functions as a HCO3-/Cl- exchanger

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12
Q

What are Band 4.1?

A

80 kDa protein that stabilizes actin-spectrin interactions in the erythrocyte membrane cytoskeleton.

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13
Q

What are G3PD?

A

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase- 37 kDa - glycolysis.

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14
Q

Function of selective permeability?

A

Allows for separation and exchange of materials across the plasma membrane.

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15
Q

What is net flux?

A

Difference between influx and efflux of materials.

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16
Q

How do substances move around?

A

Move across membranes by diffusion and active transport.

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17
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane.

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18
Q

When do cells swell, shrink or remain unchanged?

A

They swell in hypotonic solution, shrink in hypertonic solutions and remain unchanged in isotonic solutions.

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19
Q

What do plant cell undergo in hypertonic solutions?

A

Plasmolysis.

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20
Q

What are voltage-gated channels?

A

Their conformational state depends on the difference in ionic charge on the two sides of the membrane.

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21
Q

What are ligand-gated channels?

A

Their conformational state depends on the binding of a specific molecule.

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22
Q

What are mechano-gated channels?

A

Their conformational state depends on mechanical forces that are applied to the membrane.

23
Q

Function of the diffusion of ions via membranous-gated channels:

A
  • Patch clamping llows for electrochemical study of single channel proteins.
  • Once opened more than 10 million K+ ions can pass through per sec.
  • After the channel is open for a few milliseconds, the movement of K+ ions is automatically stopped.
    Can exists in 3 different states: open, inactivated, and rest.
24
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

They can mediate the movement of solutes in both directions. It is similar to an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.

25
Q

What are active tranpoertrs?

A

A process that involves the movement of molecules from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration against a gradient or an obstacle with the use of external energy.

26
Q

What is the E1 and E2 conformations?

A

E1 - Ion binding sites which are accessible to the inside of the cell.
E2- Ion binding site which are accessible to the outside of the cell.

27
Q

What is the best studied P-type pump?

A

The Ca2+-ATPase which is present in the ER to actively transport Ca2+ out of the cytosol into the lumen.

28
Q

What transports H+ across the walls of cytoplasmic organelles?

A

Vascuolar (V)-type pump.

29
Q

Function of Vascuolar (V)-type pump:

A

In the the plasma membranes of kidney tubules helps maintain the body’s acid-base balance by secreting protons into the forming urine.

30
Q

What type of pump doe the stomach contains?

A

The P-type pump, and also H/K-ATPase, which secretes a solution of concentrated acid.

31
Q

Retinal is a derivative of what type of vitamin?

A

Vitamin A.

32
Q

How is Na+ concentration kept low?

A

By the Na+/K+-ATPase pump.

33
Q

What drives the co-transport of glucose?

A

Diffusion of sodium ions down a concentration gradient.

34
Q

What is an example of secondary active tranport?

A

Symport.

35
Q

Functions of anti-porters or exchangers?

A

Move two transported species in opposite directions.

36
Q

What happens to proteins during the transport cycle?

A

The proteins binding sites gain alternating access to the cytoplasm.

37
Q

What are neurons?

A

They are specialized cells for information transmission using changes in membrane potentials.

38
Q

What are dendrites?

A

They recieve incoming information.

39
Q

What is the cell body?

A

Contains the nucleus and metabolic center of the cell.

40
Q

What are axon?

A

A long extension for conducting outgoing impulses.

41
Q

What is the resting potential?

A

Is the membrane potential of a nerve or muscle cell, subject to changes when activated.

42
Q

What pump is responsible for maintaing the resting poteinal?

A

Na+/K+-ATPase.

43
Q

What cause depolarization?

A

When cells are stimulated, Na+ channels open.

44
Q

What triggers action potential?

A

When cells are stimulated voltage-gated Na+ channels open, triggering action potential.

45
Q

What do excitable membranes exhibit?

A

All-or-none behaviour.

46
Q

What does the spped of neural impulses depends on?

A

Axon diameter and whether axon is myelinated.

46
Q

Where do Na ion channels of a myelinated neuron reside?

A

They reside in the unwrapped gaps, or nodes of Ranvier.

47
Q

Where is the site where AP can be generated jumping from node to node?

A

The nodes of Ranvier.

48
Q

Where do presynaptic neurons communicate with post-synaptic neurons?

A

The synapse, across the synaptic cleft.

49
Q

Where are neurotransmitters released from?

A

The presynaptic cleft diffuse to receptors on the postsynaptic cell.

50
Q

What happens when neurotranssmiter bind?

A

binding of neurotransmitters to ion channels receptors an either stimulate or inhibit action potential.

51
Q

What does ACh inhibit/stimulate?

A

It inhibit heart contracticility but stimulates contractility of skeletal muscle.

52
Q

What does glutamate serve as and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)?

A

Glutamate serves as the primary excitatory and gamma-aminobutyric acid as the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter.

BMSC 220 (8 decks)

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