Module 4 Test

Question 1

The intensity of an xray beam is lessened as the distance from its source increases is called the:

a.) half value layer
b.) inverse square law
c.) law of reciprocity
d.) exposure distance law

Answer 1

b.) inverse square law

Question 2

If a technologist receives a dose of 1 Gy at 3 feet from the source, what is their new dose if they move to 4 feet from the source?

Answer 2

.56 Gy

Question 3

Lead aprons are required to have a minimum of _________mm lead thickness, but most have ____________ mm
thickness

Answer 3

.25
.50

Question 4

The annual dose for the public for FREQUENT exposure is:

a.) 10 msv
b.) 1 msv
c.) 50 msv
d.) 5 msv

Answer 4

b.) 1 msv

Question 5

Which of the following devices contains an aluminum oxide detector?

a.) film badge dosimeter
b.) optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter
c.) pocket ionization chamber
d.) thermoluminescent dosimeter

Answer 5

b.) optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter

Question 6

When performing a mobile radiograhic procedure, to reduce the radiation exposure to the patient, the radiographer must sue a minimal souce skin distance of:

a.) 45 cm
b.) 30 cm
c.) 38 cm
d.) 15 cm

Answer 6

b.) 30 cm

Question 7

The lead curtain on a fixed fluoro unit should be the thickness of _____________mm.

a.) 1
b.) .50
c.) 2
d.) .25

Answer 7

d.) .25

Question 8

The main function of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission ( NRC ) is to:
1.) inspect imaging facilities
2.) oversee the nuclear energy industry
3.) regulate imaging facilities

a.) 1 only
b.) 3 only
c.) 2 only
d.) 1, 2 and 3

Answer 8

c.) 2 only

Question 9

Annual dose limits for the lens of the eye for occupational workers is 200 msv.

a.) true
b.) false

Answer 9

b.) false

Question 10

The maximum time that may elaspe before the cumulative timer is activated on a fluoroscope is:

a.) 10 minutes
b.) 5 minutes
c.) 1 minutes
d.) 2 minutes

Answer 10

b.) 5 minutes

Question 11

The cumulative effective dose limit does not include:
1.) exposure acquired as a consequence of a radiation worker undergoing medical imaging procedures
2.) radiation exposure from natural background radiation
3.) radiation exposure received while radiographers perform imaging procedures on patients

a.) 1 and 2 only
b.) 1 and 3 only
c.) 1, 2 and 3
d.) 2 and 3 only

Answer 11

a.) 1 and 2 only

Question 12

The primary barrier in an xray room is:

a.) protects from leakage and scatter radiation
b.) any barrier that is struck by the primary beam
c.) never struck by the primary beam
d.) lead thickness should be 1/32 in. thick

Answer 12

b.) any barrier that is struck by the primary beam

Question 13

Each of the following is a type of gonad sheild except:

a.) flat contact
b.) shaped contact
c.) collimator
d.) shadow

Answer 13

c.) collimator

Question 14

Special gonadal sheilds should be employed any time the gonads are _____________.

a.) directly in the primary beam
b.) being radiographed
c.) within 5 cm of the primary beam
d.) within 1 mm of the primary beam

Answer 14

c.) within 5 cm of the primary beam

Question 15

The amount of time during the week that the tube is actually producing radiation is called the:

a.) time factor
b.) use factor
c.) occupancy factor
d.) work factor

Answer 15

d.) work factor

Question 16

The operator of a mobile xray unit need not wear protective apparel as long as the cord attached to the exposure switch allows the operator to stand back 72’’

a.) true
b.) false

Answer 16

b.) false

Question 17

For primary radiation, what is the term that represents the time that the xray beam is directed at a primary barrier during the week?

a.) use factor
b.) workload factor
c.) distance factor
d.) occupancy factor

Answer 17

a.) use factor

Question 18

Personnel dosimeters protect the worker from ionizing radiation .

a.) true
b.) false

Answer 18

b.) false

Question 19

Scattered radiation to the lens of the eyes can be reduced by the use of protective eyeglasses that contain a minimal lead equivalent protection level of:

a.) 1.50 mm
b.) 0.05mm
c.) 0.35mm
d.) 0.001mm

Answer 19

c.) 0.35mm

Question 20

A bucky slot cover protects:

a.) the tecnologists or radiologist gonadal level
b.) the patients gonadal level
c.) the patients abdominal level
d.) the technologists or radiologist thyroid level

Answer 20

a.) the technologists or radiologist gonadal level

Question 21

Motion controlled by will is classified as voluntary motion. Lack of such control may be attributed to which of the following?
1.) the patients age
2.) breathing patterns or problems
3.) physical discomfort
4.) fear of the examination
5.) mental stability

a.) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
b.) 1, 3, 4 and 5 only
c.) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
d.) 2, 3, 4 and 5 only

Answer 21

c.) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

Question 22

A compensating filter :

1.) increases patient dose
2.) attenuates xrays that strike the thinner area of the body part
3.) must be 2.5 mm of aluminum thick
4.) permits more xrays to strike the denser area of the body part

a.) 1 and 3
b.) 1, 2 and 3
c.) 2, 3 and 4
d.) 2 and 4

Answer 22

d.) 2 and 4

Question 23

A nurse accompanies a child and his parents to the radiology department for a chest xray. Who is the best person to hold the child during the exam?

a.) the nurse
b.) mom
c.) another technologist
d.) dad

Answer 23

d.) dad

Question 24

When performing a t spine exam on a teenage female patient, the best position for reducing exposure would be:

a.) posterior obliques (LPO, RPO)
b.) PA
c.) AP
d.) lateral

Answer 24

b.) PA

Question 25

If a response to radiation is expected, no matter how small the dose, then that dose response is ____________.

a.) linear
b.) nonthreshold
c.) nonlinear
d.) threshold

Answer 25

b.) nonthreshold

Question 26

A film screen combination of __________ will be the most effective at reducing patient dose.

a.) 350
b.) 400
c.) 100
d.) 50

Answer 26

b.) 400

Question 27

A preganant worker should be removed from the fluoro, operating room, and portable schedule rotations until after delivery dose.

a.) yes
b.) no

Answer 27

b.) no

Question 28

If a conference room is on the other side of the radiology room, which factor would be used to determine how much time that room is used during the week?

a.) use factor
b.) occupancy factor
c.) workload factor
d.) time factor

Answer 28

b.) occupancy factor

Question 29

Which of the following is the reason why the ovaries should be sheilded whenever possible during all imaging procedures?

a.) gonadal irradiation of the ovaries can result in somatic damage, but it cannot be passed on to future generations
b.) gonadal irradiation of the ovaries can result in somatic damage that can be passed on to futures generations
c.) gonadal irradiation of the ovaries can result in genetic mutations that can be passed on to future generations
d.) there is no valid reason why the ovaries should be sheilded whenever possible during all imaging procedures

Answer 29

c.) gonadal irradiation of the ovaries can result in genetic mutations that can be passed on to future generations

Question 30

A primary barrier should be ___________ in length from the floor upwards.

a.) 12 feet
b.) 10 feet
c.) 7 feet
d.) 5 feet

Answer 30

c.) 7 feet

Question 31

A spot film device and bucky slot cover should both be __________ in lead thickness.

a.) 1mm
b.) .5mm
c.) 2mm
d.) .25 mm

Answer 31

d.) .25mm

Question 32

What are the ways occupational dose is measured:

1.) ESE
2.) lens of the eye
3.) bone marrow dose
4.) gonadal dose
5.) whole body dose

a.) 1 and 4
b.) 1, 3 and 4
c.) 2 and 3 only
d.) 2, 3 and 5
e.) 2 and 5 only

Answer 32

e.) 2 and 5 only

Question 33

At a distance of 1 meter, the xray beam should have scattered ___________ times.

a.) 1
b.) 5
c.) 2
d.) 3

Answer 33

c.) 2

Question 34

Which grid ratio will yeild the least dose to the patient?

a.) 12:1
b.) 5:1
c.) 6:1
d.) 16:1

Answer 34

b.) 5:1

Question 35

Which of the following must always be the first step of protection of the reproductive organs?

a.) use of digital imaging equipment
b.) use of a mobile protective sheilding device
c.) use of gonadal sheilding
d.) adequate and precise collimation of the radiographic beam to include only the anatomy of interest

Answer 35

d.) adequate and precise collimation of the radiographic beam to include only the anatomy of interest

Question 36

Using gonadal sheilding can reduce exposure for females by ___________ % and males by ____________%

Answer 36

50
90-95

Question 37

Genetic effects exposure to ionizing radiation occur as a result of radiation induced damage to the DNA molecule in which of the following?
1.) sperm of a man
2.) ova of a woman
3.) somatic cells of men and women

a.) 1
b.) 2
c.) 3
d.) 1 and 2

Answer 37

d.) 1 and 2

Question 38

Methods of minimizing exposure dose during fluoroscopy are:
1.) intermittent exposure
2.) high kvp techniques
3.) using magnification mode

a.) 1, 2 and 3
b.) 1 and 2 only
c.) 2 and 3 only
d.) 2 only

Answer 38

b.) 1 and 2 only

Question 39

Which of the following increases the radiographers risk of exposure?
1.) c arm fluoroscopy
2.) interventional procedures that employ HLC
3.) mobile examinations

a.) 2 only
b.) 3 only
c.) 1, 2 and 3
d.) 1 and 2

Answer 39

c.) 1, 2 and 3

Question 40

All filtration can be expressed in terms of the thickness of:

a.) Al/Eq
b.) Pb/Eq
c.) Sn/Eq
d.) HVL

Answer 40

a.) Al/Eq

Question 41

SSD for fixed fluoroscopy units should not be less than _____________?

Answer 41

15 inches

Question 42

Students should never hold patients unless they are properly sheilded.

a.) true
b.) false

Answer 42

b.) false

Question 43

Deterministic effects of ionizing radiation include all of the following except:

a.) sterility
b.) cancer
c.) cataracts
d.) skin erythema

Answer 43

b.) cancer

Question 44

If a technologist receives 1 Gy of radiation at 10 feet from the source, at what distance should they move to for a dose of .25 Gy?

a.) 2.77 ft
b.) 25 ft
c.) 400 ft
d.) 20 ft

Answer 44

d.) 20 ft

Question 45

The size of the xray beam should always be restricted to the size of the image receptor, not the area of clinical interest. T/F

Answer 45

False

Question 46

What would be an example of a high level control procedure?

a.) BE
b.) cardiac catherization
c.) IVU
d.) UGI

Answer 46

b.) cardiac catherization

Question 47

As compared to an AP abdomen, a PA abdomen reduces exposure to the kidneys.

a.) true
b.) false

Answer 47

b.) false

Question 48

As KVP _________, the probability of photoelectric absorption __________.

a.) increases, decreases
b.) decreases, decreases
c.) decreases, remains the same
d.) increases, remains the same

Answer 48

a.) increases, decreases

Question 49

Collimation:
1.) decreases patient dose
2.) increases image quality
3.) has no effect on image quality
4.) is required of the radiographer

a.) 2 and 4
b.) 1, 2 and 4
c.) 1, 3 and 4
d.) 1 and 2

Answer 49

d.) 1 and 2

Question 50

Explain Automatic Gain Control can be used as an alternative to maintain brightness during a fluoroscopy exam.

Question 51

The number of repeat radiographs can be reduced by:

a.) eliminating involuntary patient motion using immobilization devices
b.) disregarding communication between patient and radiographer
c.) eliminating voluntary patient motion using short exposure times
d.) eliminating voluntary patient motion using immobilization devices

Answer 51

d.) eliminating voluntary patient motion using immobilization devices

Question 52

While standing behind the control booth barrier, a radiographer makes an exposure, scatter from the patient body should:

a.) have as much energy as the primary beam when reaching any area behind the control booth
b.) scatter once before reaching the radiographer behind the control booth
c.) not have the energy to reach the radiographer standing behind the control booth
d.) scatter a minimum of 2 times before reaching the radiographer behind the control booth

Answer 52

d.) scatter a minimum of 2 times before reaching the radiographer behind the control booth

Question 53

Which of the following is the most versatile type of xray beam limitation device?

a.) aperature diaphragm
b.) collimator
c.) cone
d.) cylinder

Answer 53

b.) collimator

Question 54

Calculate the EqD:

A patient received 2 Gy of x radiation to the thyroid (wt=.05)

a.) 2 Sv
b.) .02Sv
c.) 0.1Sv
d.) 2 Gy

Answer 54

a.) 2 Sv

Question 55

Which of the following adjustments in technical exposure factors decreases the production of scattered radiation during routine radiographic procedures?

a.) decrease KVP and decrease MAS
b.) increase KVP and increase MAS
c.) increase KVP and decrease MAS in compensation
d.) decrease KVP and increase MAS in compensation

Answer 55

c.) increase KVP and decrease MAS in compensation

Question 56

According to the ACR, abdominal radiologic examinations that have been requested after full consideration of the clinical status of a patient, including the possibility of pregnancy, need:

a.) to be postponed and scheduled at least 10 days after the onset of menses
b.) not to be postponed or selectively scheduled
c.) to be postponed and schedule at 10 days before onset of menses
d.) to be postponed or selectively scheduled

Answer 56

b.) not to be postponed or selectively scheduled

Question 57

A 20 year old female is brought into radioology from the emergency department with a possible fracture of the pelvis. What should the technologist do regarding gonadal sheilding?

a.) refuse to take any radiographs without the radiologist consent
b.) dont ask the patient about possible pregnancy so that you are not liable for any effects
c.) perform a PA projection of the pelvis and use gonadal sheilding
d.) take anteroposterior projection of pelvis without using any sheilding

Answer 57

d.) take anteroposterior projection of pelvis without using any sheilding

Question 58

The _____________ is the primary protective barrier for the fluoroscopic xray tube.

a.) image intensifier
b.) ceiling
c.) tabletop
d.) floor

Answer 58

a.) image intensifier

Question 59

Whenever the letter “M” appears under the current monitoring period or in the cumulative columns of a personnel monitoring report, it signifies that an:

a.) equivalent dose higher than the minimum measurable radiation quantity was recorded during that time
b.) maximal equivalent dose has been exceeded during that time
c.) mistake has been made in recording the equivalent dose
d.) equivalent dose below the minimum measurable radiation quantity was recorded during that time

Answer 59

d.) equivalent dose below the minimum measurable radiation quantity was recorded during that time

Question 60

Lead shutters are part of the:

a.) collimator
b.) tube housing
c.) tube stand
d.) xray tube

Answer 60

a.) collimator

Question 61

If the distance between the individual and the source of radiation is doubled, the exposure to the individual will be reduced by a factor of _________.

a.) 4
b.) 12
c.) 2
d.) 3

Answer 61

a.) 4

Question 62

A radiograph of the abdomen demonstrates involuntary motion due to bowel peristalsis. Which of the following factors will best eliminate this problem during the repeat exposure?

a.) turn the patient into a prone position rather than supine
b.) decrease exposure time
c.) increase KV
d.) immobilize the patient

Answer 62

b.) decrease exposure time

Question 63

SSD for mobile xray units should not be less than ___________?

Answer 63

12 inches

Question 64

Explain how a C arm should be placed to reduce patient radiation dose.

Answer 64

The tube should be further away from the patient and the image intensifier should be closer to the patient to keep a minimal radiation dose.

Question 65

The amount of radiation a radiographer receives is inversely proportional to the length of exposure time.

a.) true
b.) false

Answer 65

b.) false

Question 66

Patient entrance skin exposure decreases an ____________.

a.) OID increases
b.) SID increases
c.) SOD decreases
d.) SID decreases

Answer 66

b.) SID increases

Question 67

At a distance of 1 meter, the intensity of the beam should be ______________ its original intensity.

a.) 1/2
b.) 1/500
c.) 1/100
d.) 1/1000

Answer 67

d.) 1/1000

Question 68

If a radiographer is exposed to 2 Gy of radiation during a fluoroscopic procedure at a distance of 1 foot, what is their exposure if they move to 6 foot?

a.) 72 Sv
b.) 33 sv
c.) .05 Sv
d.) 11 Sv

Answer 68

c.) .05 Sv

Question 69

Calculate EfD:

A patient received .5 Gy of alpha radiation to the lung (Wt=.12)

a.) 10
b.) 1.2
c.) 2.4
d.) .06

Answer 69

b.) 1.2

Question 70

If the technologist must stay in the room, where is the best place for them to stand?

a.) 6 feet away
b.) at the foot of the table
c.) at the door to the hallway
d.) 90 degrees to the source/patient

Answer 70

d.) 90 degrees to the source/patient

Question 71

To reduce an individuals exposure to ionizing radiation, each one of the following principles should be applied except:

a.) reduce the amount of time spent in the vicinity of the radiation source
b.) increase the distance between the individual and the radiation source
c.) wear the radiation dosimeter at the collar
d.) interpose a sheilding material

Answer 71

c.) wear the radiation dosimeter at the collar

Question 72

Which of the following dosimeters contain a crystalline form of lithium fluoride:

a.) thermoluminescent dosimeter
b.) film badge
c.) optically stimuable luminescence

Answer 72

a.) thermoluminescent dosimeter

Question 73

Lead lined gloves shoul have ____________ thickness.

a.) .5mm
b.) .35mm
c.) .25mm
d.) 1 mm

Answer 73

c.) .25 mm

Question 74

A pregnant patient is ordered for a KUB. The physician and radiologist have agreed that the procedure is necessary and the benefits outweigh the risks. However, they have not discussed this yet with the patient. What should you, the technologist do?

a.) wait until the patient has received all information and consented for the exam
b.) ignore the request and let the next shift deal with it
c.) proceed with the exam because both physicians have outweighed the benefits and risks
d.) proceed with the exam but try to sheild the patient

Answer 74

a.) wait until the patient has received all information and consented for the exam

Question 75

Any image must be performed more than once because of human or mechanical error during the production of the initial image is considered to be a repeat image. What effect dose a repeat image have on the radiation dose received by the patient?

a.) the patient receives no additional radiation dose
b.) the patients critical organs receive a radiation dose that is 10 times greater than the initial radiation dose
c.) the patients skin and possibly the gonads, if they were in the included imaged area, receive a double radiation dose
d.) the patients superficial tissues only receive a radiation dose that is four times as great as that of the original radiation dose

Answer 75

c.) the patients skin and possibly the gonads, if they were in the included imaged area, receive a double radiaiton dose

Question 76

A secondary barrier should contain how much lead thickness?

a.) 1/16in
b.) 1/32 in
c.) .5mm
d.) 11 mm

Answer 76

b.) 1/32 in

Question 77

The exposure cord for the control booth must be:

a.) at least 6in in length
b.) attached to the control console
c.) at least 2 ft in lngth
d.) at least 4 ft in length

Answer 77

b.) attached to the control console

Question 78

Cells which are considered highly radiosensitive include:

a.) muscle cells, nerve cells, and chondrocytes
b.) all cell types have the same radiosensitivity
c.) endothelial cells, osteoblasts, spermatids and fibroblasts
d.) lymphocytes, spermatogonia, erythrocytes, and epithelial cells

Answer 78

d.) lymphocytes, spermatogonia, erythrocytes, and epithelial cells

Question 79

To ensure that the lifetime risk of occupationally exposed persons remains acceptable, an additional recommendation is that the lifetime effective dose in mSv should not exceed:

a.) 10 times the occupationally exposed persons age in years
b.) 20 times the occupational exposed persons age in years
c.) 5 times the occupationally exposed persons age in years
d.) the occupationally exposed persons age in years

Answer 79

a.) 10 times the occupationally exposed persons age in years

Question 80

Which of the following are radiation sheilding design considerations?
1.) the mean energy of the xrays that will strike the barrier
2.) whether the barrier is of a primary or secondary nature
3.) the workload of the unit
4.) the use factor of the unit
5.) the occupancy factor behind the barrier

Answer 80

1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

Question 81

As the speed of the image receptor decreases, patient dose ____________.

a.) increases
b.) increases according the inverse square law
c.) decreases
d.) remains the same

Answer 81

a.) increases

Question 82

The best way to store a lead apron is:

a.) laying on the xray table so that it doesnt get any cracks in it
b.) in a cool dry place
c.) hanging on a rack
d.) folded neatly on the shelf in the room for the next user

Answer 82

c.) hanging on a rack

Question 83

An uncontrolled area is one that is adjacent to an xray room and is frequented by:

a.) imaging employees
b.) the general public
c.) radiologists
d.) people wearing dosimeter

Answer 83

b.) the general public

Question 84

What is the difference between a maternity lead apron and a regular lead apron?

a.) the whole apron is 1 mm lead thickness
b.) the apron is lighter weight
c.) the apron is the wrap around type
d.) there is an extra 1mm lead strip over the abdomen

Answer 84

d.) there is an extra 1mm lead strip over the abdomen

Question 85

Patient entrance skin exposure decreases as ____________.

a.) SID decreases
b.) OID decreases
c.) SOD decreases
d.) SID increases

Answer 85

d.) SID increases

Question 86

How does using the air gap technique reduce scatter and patient dose? or does it?

Answer 86

OID or the air gap techique is used as a method to decrease scatter, other ways to reduce scatter are to use a grid, if a grid is used you have to increase technique therefore patient dose is increased but with the air gap technique it is a method to reduce scatter without increasing patient dose

Question 87

Radiation survey instruments, such as the __________ are used to detect and measure radiation.

a.) OSL
b.) cutie pie
c.) ionization chamber
d.) TLD

Answer 87

b.) cutie pie

Question 88

An increase in filtration results in a decrease in entrance skin exposure.

a.) true
b.) false

Answer 88

a.) true

Question 89

Which of the following filtrations would result in the lowest entrance skin exposure to the patient?

a.) 1.0 Pb/Eq
b.) 0.5 Pb/Eq
c.) 0.5 Al/Eq
d.) 1.0 Al/Eq

Answer 89

d.) 1.0 Al/Eq

Question 90

When a radiologic technologist declares her pregnancy to her employer, which of the following is appropriate?

a.) the employer terminates her employer until after her child is born
b.) she continues to perform her duties without interuption of employment, provided that she has received radiation safety counseling and follows established radiation safety procedures
c.) she is able to continue her employment but is not permitted to perform any radiologic procedures during the reaminder of her pregnancy
d.) the employer requires her to take a leave of absence until after the completion of the first trimester of the pregnancy and then return to her normal duties

Answer 90

b.) she continues to perform her duties without interuption of employment, provided that she has received radiation safety counseling and follows established radiation safety procedures

Question 91

Which of the following are involuntary motions that cannot be willingly controlled?
1.) chills
2.) tremors
3.) muscle spasms
4.) pain
5.) active withdrawal

a.) 1, 2, 3 and 5 only
b.) 2, 3, 4 and 5 only
c.) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
d.) 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

Answer 91

d.) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

Question 92

As the distance increases, the beam quantity reaching a specific area:

a.) decreases
b.) doubles
c.) stays the same
d.) increases

Answer 92

a.) decreases

Question 93

A wedge filter is what type of filter?

a.) compton
b.) compensating
c.) collimating
d.) coherent

Answer 93

b.) compensating

Question 94

If reproductive organs are within _____________ of the primary beam they should be sheilded.

a.) 12 inches
b.) 5 cm
c.) 1 m
d.) 10cm

Answer 94

b.) 5 cm

Question 95

student exposure should not exceed the annual effective dose limit of ______________.

a.) 2 mSv
b.) 1 mSv
c.) 0.5mSv
d.) 3 mSv

Answer 95

b.) 1 mSv