Module 1 Test

Question 1

Traditional unit of equivalent and effective dose.

Answer 1

Rem

Question 2

SI unit of equivalent and effective dose.

Answer 2

Sv

Question 3

Traditional unit of exposure in air

Answer 3

Roentgen

Question 4

SI unit for exposure in air

Answer 4

C/kg

Question 5

Traditional unit of absorbed dose

Answer 5

rad

Question 6

SI unit of absorbed dose

Answer 6

Gy

Question 7

What is the traditional unit of measurement that is derived from multiplying rad x Wr?

a.) rem
b.) Gy
c.) Sv
d.) roentgen

Answer 7

A. Rem

Question 8

1 Sv = __________ rem

a.) 10
b.) .001
c.) 1000
d.) 100

Answer 8

d.) 100

Question 9

Compton scattering is synonymous with:

a.) photodisintegration
b.) incoherent scattering
c.) photoelectric absorption
d.) coherent scattering

Answer 9

b.) incoherent scattering

Question 10

Which of the following radiation quantities provides a measure of the overall risk of exposure to humans from ionizing radiation?

a.) D
b.) air kerma
c.) EfD
d.) X

Answer 10

c.) EfD

Question 11

The campaign that seeks to educate medical providers and technologists on lowering CT doses for pediatrics is called:

a.) image wisely
b.) image gently
c.) ALARA
d.) the cardinal principles

Answer 11

b.) image gently

Question 12

What traditional unit is used to measure occupational dose and is most commonly used on badge reports?

a.) rem
b.) gray
c.) roentgen
d.) sievert

Answer 12

a.) rem

Question 13

The traditional radiation quantity for ionization in air is __________.

a.) exposure
b.) air kerma
c.) absorbed dose
d.) effective dose

Answer 13

a.) exposure

Question 14

An outer shell electron is ejected and the atom is ionized with:

a.) coherent scatter
b.) compton scatter
c.) photoelectric scatter
d.) pair production

Answer 14

b.) compton scatter

Question 15

How is dose area product usually specified?

a.) in ergs per gram
b.) in subunits of millisievert
c.) in units of mGy-cm2
d.) in coulomb per kilogram

Answer 15

c.) in units of mGy-cm2

Question 16

Alpha particles have a radiation weighting factor (Wr) that is numerically equal to:

a.) 1
b.) 20
c.) 5
d.) 10

Answer 16

b.) 20

Question 17

3 msv equals how many Sv?

a.) .03
b.) 3000
c.) 3
d.) .003

Answer 17

d.) .003

Question 18

A DAP (dose area product) meter is used:

a.) to measure the amoutn of radiation energy on a portion of the body
b.) shut off the xray equipment when dose limits are exceeded
c.) distinguises the types of radiation absorbed (xray, alpha, gamma, etc)
d.) to deflect xray photons away from the patient

Answer 18

a.) to measure the amount of radiation energy on a portion of the body

Question 19

Air kerma is replacing the traditional quantity ___________.

a.) exposure
b.) coloumbs/kg
c.) absorbed dose
d.) rem

Answer 19

a.) exposure

Question 20

Which of the following types of ionizing radiation produces vitually the same biologic effect in body tissue for equal absorbed doses?

a.) alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays
b.) xrays, beta particles, and gamma rays
c.) xrays, alpha particles, and fast neutrons
d.) xrays, neutrons and gamma rays

Answer 20

b.) xrays, beta particles and gamma rays

Question 21

Which interaction is primarily responsible for image formation?

a.) photoelectric
b.) brems
c.) compton
d.) coherent

Answer 21

a.) photoelectric

Question 22

The advantages of the BERT method are:
1.) it does not imply radiation risk; it is simply a means for comparison
2.) it emphasizes that radiation is an innate part of our enviroment
3.) it provides an answer that is easy for the patient to comprehend

a.) 1 and 3 only
b.) 1 and 2 only
c.) 2 and 3 only
d.) 1, 2 and 3

Answer 22

d.) 1, 2 and 3

Question 23

Direct transmission means:

a.) photons pass through biologic tissue with some interaction
b.) photons are absorbed in biologic tissue
c.) photons pass through biologic tissue without interaction
d.) photons are scattered within biologic tissue

Answer 23

a.) photons pass through biologic tissue with some interaction

Question 24

The incident photon is completely absorbed in which of the following interactions:

a.) compton
b.) photoelectric
c.) rayleigh
d.) photodisintegration

Answer 24

b.) photoelectric

Question 25

The total kinetic energy released in a uint mass (kilogram) of air and expressed in metric units of joules per kilogram is: a.) equivalent dose b.) air kerma c.) effective dose d.) absorbed dose

Answer 25

b.) air kerma

Question 26

Which organ has the highest Wr and is considered to be the most radiosensitive? a.) skin b.) gonads c.) bone marrow d.) breast

Answer 26

b.) gonads

Question 27

In the diagnostic radiology energy range, which of the following tissues possesses the greatest ability to absorb radiation energy through the process of photoelectric absorption? a.) bone b.) fat c.) air d.) muscle

Answer 27

a.) bone

Question 28

Almost all of the kinetic energy of the incident electrons is converted to: a.) brems photon b.) characteristic xray photon c.) light d.) heat

Answer 28

d.) heat

Question 29

The __________ regulates and monitors exposure to ionizing radiation in the workplace? a.) OSHA b.) NCRP c.) EPA d.) NRC

Answer 29

a.) OSHA

Question 30

The SI unit for EqD is : a.) rad b.) rem c.) Gy d.) Sv

Answer 30

d.) Sv

Question 31

DIagnostic efficiancy includes: 1.) determining if an imaging procedure is justified 2.) obtaining images with minimal radiation exposure 3.) adhering to radiation safety guidelines 4.) revealing the presence or absence of disease in a patient a.) 1, 2, 3 and 4 b.) 1, 2 and 3 only c.) 1, 2 and 4 only d.) 2, 3 and 4 only

Answer 31

a.) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Question 32

How many Gy equals 1 Sv?

Answer 32

1

Question 33

One of the very first radiation injuries noted was: a.) skin erythema b.) cataracts c.) epilation d.) cancer

Answer 33

a.) skin erythema

Question 34

The _________ establishes, enforces and publishes rules and regulations regarding the nuclear energy industry. a.) NRC b.) FDA c.) NCRP d.) EPA

Answer 34

a.) NRC

Question 35

WHich of these photon tissue interactions neccessitates the use of a grid? a.) photoelectric b.) compton c.) coherent d.) pair production

Answer 35

b.) compton

Question 36

Barium is a good contrast agent because of its: a.) high atomic number b.) low density c.) high viscosity d.) low atomic number

Answer 36

a.) high atomic number

Question 37

What do radiation weighting factors take into consideration? 1.) the overall risk of exposure to humans from ionizing radiation 2.) both the internal and external dose measurements 3.) the fact that some types of radiation are more efficient at causing biologic damage than other types of radiation for a given dose a.) 1, 2 and 3 b.) 3 only c.) 2 only d.) 1 only

Answer 37

b.) 3 only

Question 38

Higher frequencies and shorter wavelengths are associated with: a.) less biologic damage b.) more biologic damage

Answer 38

b.) more biologic damage

Question 39

The ability to move an object against resistance from one location to another is called: a.) ionization b.) radiation c.) kinetic energy d.) tissue interactions

Answer 39

c.) kinetic energy

Question 40

Of the following , which is most likely to occur at less than 10 kev? a.) compton scattering b.) photoelectric absorption c.) coherent scattering d.) pair production

Answer 40

c.) coherent scattering

Question 41

In photoelectric absorption to dislodge an inner shell electron from its atomic orbit, the incoming xray photon must be able to transfer a quantity of energy a.) less than the energy that holds the atom together b.) 10 times as great as the energy that holds the atom together c.) as large as or larger than the amount of energy that holds the electron in its orbit d.) equal to or greater than 1.002 mev, regardless of the energy that holds the electron in its orbit

Answer 41

c.) as large or larger than the amount of energy that holds the electron in its orbit

Question 42

_____________ is used to differentiate structures when their absorption is the same and they appear similar. a.) higher mas b.) contrast agent c.) direct transmission d.) higher kvp

Answer 42

b.) contrast agent

Question 43

As atomic number increases, what happens to compton scatter? a.) compton scatter decreases b.) atomic number has no effect on compton scatter c.) compton scatter increase

Answer 43

b.) atomic number has no effect on compton scatter

Question 44

Cosmic radiatioon occurs in which two forms? a.) natural background and artificial b.) solar and manmade c.) artificial and galactic d.) solar and galactic

Answer 44

d.) solar and galactic

Question 45

What is the NCRP? a.) national council of radiology personell b.) national committee on radiation prevention c.) national council of radiation protection d.) national committee on random particles

Answer 45

c.) national council of radiation protection

Question 46

As absorption of energy increases, the potential for biologic damage: a.) decreases b.) increases c.) stays the same

Answer 46

b.) increases

Question 47

The ____________ takes into account the type of energy being used. a.) collective effective dose b.) tissue weighting factor c.) absorbed dose d.) radiation weighting factor

Answer 47

d.) radiaition weighting factor

Question 48

What is the name of the campaign that seek sto educate medical providers and technologists on reducing the amount of radiaiton produced during procedures and eliminating unneccessary procedures?

Answer 48

Image Wisely

Question 49

Radiation phobia can be greatly reduced by explaining the diagnostic radiation dose to the patient by using the: a.) TRACE method b.) BERT method c.) ALARA method d.) ORP method

Answer 49

b.) BERT method

Question 50

EfD describes which of the following: a.) the total biologic damage to a human that is caused by equivalent doses recieved by specific organs b.) the dose of ionizing radiation required to cause diffuse redness over an area of skin c.) the electrical charge produced in a kilogram of dry air by ionizing radiation d.) the number of electron ion pairs in a specific volume of air

Answer 50

a.) the total biologic damage to a human that is caused by equivalent doses recieved by specific organs

Question 51

When a photon is absorbed or scattered, it is said to have been __________. a.) attenuated b.) transmitted c.) increased d.) quantified

Answer 51

a.) attenuated

Question 52

The radiographer must answer patient questions about the potential risk of radiation exposure: a.) abruptly to discourage the patient from asking other questions b.) evasively so as not to reveal any information about radiation risk c.) with technical terms d.) honestly and in understandable terms

Answer 52

d.) honesly andin understandable terms

Question 53

Which of the following tissues has an atomic number of 13.8? a.) bone b.) muscle c.) air d.) fat

Answer 53

a.) bone

Question 54

Which of the following is not a type of interaction between x radiation and biologic matter? a.) photoelectric absorption b.) pair production c.) compton scattering d.) bremmstrahlung

Answer 54

d.) bremmstrahlung

Question 55

Xrays and gamma rays used in diagnostic imaging are: a.) an insignificant dose because they are used safely b.) part of an artificial background radiation dose c.) part of natural background d.) no of concern because the beam is filtered

Answer 55

b.) part of an artificial background radiation dose

Question 56

Convert 10 Gy to mGy

Answer 56

10,000

Question 57

Although coherent scattering is most likely to occur ______________, some of this unmodified scattering occurs throughout the diagnostic range and may result in small amounts of radiographic fog. a.) between 60 kev and 90 kev b.) between 30 kev and 60 kev c.) at less than 10 kev d.) above 100 kev

Answer 57

c.) at less than 10 kev

Question 58

Rayleigh and Thomson are other types of ___________ a.) modified scattering b.) photoelectric absorption c.) compton scattering d.) coherent scattering

Answer 58

d.) coherent scattering

Question 59

0.6 Gy is equal to

Answer 59

600 mGy

Question 60

Which of the following would be used to describe the radiation present in a fluoroscopic room? a.) sv b.) rad c.) C/kg d.) Gy

Answer 60

c.) c/Kg

Question 61

During the process of coherent scattering an incident low energy xray photon interacts with a.) an atom and may transfer its energy by causing some or all of the electrons of the atom to momentatrily vibrate and radiate energy in the form of electromagnetic waves b.) a single inner shell electron ejecting it from its orbit c.) a scattered photon of lesser energy annihilating it d.) a single outer shell electron ejecting it from its orbit

Answer 61

a.) an atom and may transfer its energy by causing some or all of the electrons of the atom to momentarilly vibrate and radiate energy in the form of electromagnetic waves

Question 62

Radon is a form of ___________ radiation.

Answer 62

terrestrial

Question 63

Convert 50 cGy to Gy

Answer 63

.50

Question 64

Radon accounts for _________% of natural radiaiton exposure

Answer 64

37

Question 65

Non ionizing radiations usually occur below ________ kev.

Answer 65

10

Question 66

During photoelectric absorption, the incident photon interacts with a __________. a.) none; the enrgy is absorbed b.) nucleus c.) outer shell electron d.) inner shell electron

Answer 66

d.) inner shell electron