MODULE 5 Flashcards
macromolecule, composed of one or more
polypeptide chains, each possessing a characteristic amino
acid sequence and molecular weight.
protein
Proteins in normal urine consist mostly of ___
Proteins in normal urine consist mostly of plasma albumin and
globulins.
one of the important proteins, which appears
in urine during a pathological condition. It often occurs
as a symptom of renal disease.
albumin
specific type of globulin
excreted in multiple myeloma
Bence Jones protein
Uromodulin
Tamm-Horsfall protein)
presence of protein in the urine
proteinuria
Types of Proteinuria
- Accidental or false proteinuria
- Physiological or functional proteinuria
- Postural (orthostatic) proteinuria
- Renal or true proteinuria.
The reaction is based on the phenomenon known as the
“protein error of pH indicators”
Screening Test for Protein in Urine: Reagent Strip Method
❏ the protein reagent strip pad is impregnated with an indicator which is usually:
➔ Tetrabromophenol blue
➔ Tetrachlorophenol
➔ Tetrabromosulfonphthalein
Albumin is precipitated by Robert’s reagent(magnesium sulfate and nitric acid) producing white ring
Robert’s test
Robert’s reagent
magnesium sulfate and nitric acid
albumin is precipitated
by heat and coagulated by acetic
acid. The amount of precipitate or
cloudiness formed is directly
proportional to the amount of
albumin present.
salt and acetic acid test
Methods by which Proteins Get Precipitated:
- Denaturation
- Dehydration of Outer Shell
- At its isoelectric Point
- Neutralization of Charge
loss of secondary, tertiary, and quaternary
structure of proteins, only primary structure remains intact
Denaturation
thick viscous precipitate
coagulum
used for bedside detection of albumin
in urine in patients with Nephrotic syndrome,
Glomerulonephritis, etc
heat coagulum test
Sulfosalyclic reagent is a combination of
Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate & Sulfosalicylic Acid
Crystals
serves as a precipitant of
protein
Anhydrous Sodium
a low molecular weight protein
that is excreted by persons with proliferative disorder like
multiple myeloma, a disorder of immunoglobulin producing
plasma cells.
bence jones protein
If Bence Jones protein is present, it will be precipitated
by_____
the HCL and will form a fine or heavy ring at the
interface of urine and HCL
Clinical proteinuria is indicated at
≥30 mg/dL
(300 mg/L).
Eshbach’s method of protein precipitation in which
______ is used to precipitate the protein and amount of
protein precipitate is measured by volume.
picric acid
Moderate Proteinuria ( ____ albumin excreted per day)
1-3 g
_____is the method of choice for
diagnosing suspected cases of multiple myeloma to confirm
screening method by urinalysis.
Serum electrophoresis
