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PCP Foundations, 💖🚑 > Module 5 > Flashcards

Module 5 Flashcards

(103 cards)

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1
Q

Most common airway obstruction

A

Tongue

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2
Q

How long can the brain survive without oxygen?

A

6 minutes

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3
Q

Upper airway cuts off at

A

The vocal cords

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4
Q

Upper airway includes

A

Nasopharynx( nasal cavity, turbinates, nasal septum, sinuses)
Oropharynx ( tongue, palate) ( soft and hard)

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5
Q

Lower airway includes

A

Trachea aveoli, bronchi bronchioles

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6
Q

Total lung capacity

A

6L

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7
Q

Right versus left lung lobes

A

Right lung has three lobes
Left long has two lobes

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8
Q

Turbinates

A

Three. Boney shelves.
Produce from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity, and extend into the nasal passage
Upper airway

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9
Q

Nasal cavity

A

Lines with ciliated mucous membrane

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10
Q

Nasal septum

A

Divides the nasopharynx into two passages, composed of bone and cartilage

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11
Q

Sinus

A

Cavities formed by cranial bones, prevent contaminants from entering the respiratory track

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12
Q

Hyoid bone

A

Small horse shoe shaped bone to join epiglottis and thyroid cartilage are attached

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13
Q

Hard vs soft plate

A

Hard equals anterior portion form by the maxilla and palatine bones

Soft equals posterior to the hard palate

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14
Q

Trachea is the

A

Windpipe
Conduct for air entry into the lungs
Consist of a series of C-shaped cartilage rings

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15
Q

Which side of the stem bronchus is shorter and straighter

A

The right side tracheal tubes can end up here

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16
Q

Bronchioles

A

Dilate constrict in response to stimuli divide into smaller —> bronchi

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17
Q

Aveoli

A

Are ballon like clusters
Single layer
Site of oxygen and carbon exchange

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18
Q

Atelectatasis

A

Collapse of the aveoli

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19
Q

Surfactant

A

Decrease the friction surface tension and keeps the aveoli expanded

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20
Q

3 parts to the pleura sac

A

Most outer part is the parietal pearl
Middle part is the plural cavity
Inside lining part the visceral pleura

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21
Q

Parts of the lungs (labelled diagram)

A

You’re doing great keep going :)

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22
Q

Tidal volume equals

A

Volume of air that is inhaled/exhaled in a single respiration (6-8ml/kg)

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23
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume equals

A

Amount of air that can be inhaled, in addition to tidal volume
300oml

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24
Q

How much of title volume remains in the upper airway?

A

1/3

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25
1200ml is expelled to two places and where
1200 ml expelled in each breath 1200 ML is kept in the lung ( revisional volume )
26
2/3 of air is left where
Alveolar
27
Ventilation equals
Ability of the body to move air in and out of the lungs
28
Respirations equal
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide physical exchange of gases
29
Dead space equals
Any portion of the airway that lingers (but no air flow) therefore cannot participate in gas exchange
30
Anatomic dead space
Includes the trachea And large bronchi
31
Physicallogical dead space
Created by inter-pulmonary obstructions, or atelecatosis BBM nasal canula we do this
32
Alveolar volume
Remaining volume of inhaled hair, reaches the aveoli for gas exchange
33
Aveoli dead space volume is around
350ml
34
As respirations increases what happens to aveoli volume
Leads to a decrease in aveoli volume which leads to only dead space
35
Minute volume
Amount of air received in and out in one minute
36
Minutes alveolar volume
Amount of air that actually participates in gas change in one minute AMV = DSV x RR
37
Fio2
Percent of oxygen in inhaled air Example Room air 21% BVM 100%
38
Inspiration equals how many thirds Expiration equals how many thirds
Inspiration equals 1/3 Expiration equals 2/3
39
What part of the brain is responsible for breathing?
Medulla/pons
40
What nerves are responsible in ventilation
Phrenic nerve Intercostal nerve
41
What triggers the impulse to breathe
Carbon
42
Is the pressure inside of the diaphragm, higher or lower with exhales?
Lower
43
Anoxia
No breathing
44
Dyspena
Difficulties in respiration
45
Hypoxia
Low respiration
46
Hyperoxia
High respirations
47
Gas moves from an area of what concentration to an area of what concentration
High concentration to low concentration
48
What percent of the body’s total oxygen is bound to haemoglobin
97%
49
Carbon, it’s transported in the blood by what kind of ions
Bicarbon ions
50
What causes a decrease in oxygen in the blood
Atmo pressure Severe bleeding Anemia, low red blood cells
51
Hyperventilation causes of what in carbon
Causes a decrease in carbon, illuminates more carbon then we can produce
52
Hypoventation cause carbon to do want
Increase is carbon makes more than you could eliminate
53
BVM and unconscious patient must always have
An airway adjunct
54
Head lift/chin lift
No trauma or C-spine Push back the forehead Push up on the chin
55
Jaw thrust
Keep the cervical in line Two hands on the mandible push up on the jaw Very painful for alert patients
56
Suctioning
Max 15 seconds On the way out Make sure to close your thumb over the whole Only suction as far as you can see
57
Hard suctioning equals vs soft suctioning equals
Yonker French
58
NPA
Goes into the posterior pharynx behind the time Measure in the nose to ear tip Bevel towards septum Can be Conscious Can have a gag reflex Can’t use and head trauma or base of skull fracture No suctioning No nasal trauma
59
What side should you start with a NPA
Right side first go straight in If you’ve left, must do 180° turn Use lube
60
OPA
Ear tip to jaw to measure Unconscious No gag reflex Smile side towards you Tip of the hard palate and then turn 180° on soft palate
61
Green air tanks equal
Oxygen tanks
62
Room air is
21% oxygen
63
Hydrostatic test every
10 years
64
Full tanks equal
2000 psi
65
Replace tanks at
At 200 psi
66
D tanks equal M tanks equal
350 L (0.16) 3450 L (1.56)
67
Oxygen tank formula
68
Flow metres
Allows oxygen being delivered to the patient to be adjusted (1 to 25 ml )
69
Regulators
Reduces/controls the flow of oxygen to a patient Like 2000 psi reduces to 50 psi
70
Pressure compensated Flowmeter
Wall mount air regulators that use the ball what is inside the ambulance
71
Nonrebreathing mask
15 L per minute (10 to 15) 90% oxygen (90-100) Valves Fill bag no apena
72
Simple facemask
10 L/min (6 to 10) 40% to 60% oxygen No values Outside air gets in
73
Nasal canula
1 to 6 L/min 24 to 44% oxygen Dry out the nose 15 L per minute for igels
74
Nebs
8 to 6 L in a minute 3 to 5 mL of fluid For aerosolized meds
75
Bvm
15 L/min. Hundred percent on oxygen Squeeze 1/3 of the bag
76
Venturi mask
24 % 28% 35% 40% 50% Depends on the adaptor for highly Pacific oxygen
77
How many litres does a BVM hold?
17,000 L
78
How much do you squeeze the Bvm bag
1/3
79
How much do we pre-oxygen date with a nasal cannula?
Two minutes with 15 L per minute
80
King LT
Measured in height Better fit for adults Two balloons Ones sits on the trachea one sits on the epiglottis Vomit risk
81
LMA
Size equals actual weight Peds fit better Less risk for soft tissue trauma Least effective on obese patients
82
Igel
Estimated weight May take up to 10 minutes to warm up Best option
83
Dope
Displacement ———moving patient Obstruction ——— blood or vomit Pneumothorax ———— hole in your lung Equipment
84
How to tell if an in adjunk airway is in place
ET CO2 waveforms Positive lung sounds Negativeepi-static sounds Chest rise Increased SPO2 Easy compliance
85
CO2 is made in the cells in what two ways
Aerobic ( with oxygen ) anaerobic( with no oxygen ) and by products which create faster CO2 build up
86
Once carbon is in the vessels how can It move
20% bound to haemoglobin 75% turn it to bicarbonate ( finds water in the red blood cells, then converts into carbonic acid) Then splits into bicarbonate and hydrogen before leaving the lungs
87
If red blood cells lack what happens to the ability up for us to load off CO2
It decreases
88
ETCO2
Is the partial pressure measured of CO2 at the end of expiration
89
What part of the brain read CO2 levels in blood
Medulla
90
Decrease minute volume means too much or too little CO2 ( comp ) (not decomp)
Two little
91
Increased ET CO2 means you do want to ventilations
Decrease them
92
Normal wave form
93
What do these two waveforms represent?
Pink equals hypo ( not enough carbon) leads to much Orange equals hyper ( to much carbon ) leads to not enough
94
What do these two waveforms represent?
Yellow equals bronchial spasm Green equals rebreathing or staircase Meaning, not having a full exhale
95
What do these two waveforms represent?
Blue equals tube displacement Purple equals Rosc
96
What do these two waveforms represent?
Pink equals patient was breathing tonight to using mechanical intervention Teal equals apnea or equipment
97
A sudden increase or rise of ET CO2 by what is what percentage indication of Rossi
10 MM Hg Is 97% indicated
98
And for what MMHG for CPR
10 but ideally 25
99
What does a a bumpy wave pattern represent?
An obstruction Like a pulmonary embolism Pulsating of the heart to the lungs resulting in volume changes
100
PVCO2
Is partial pressure of carbon dioxide in venous blood
101
PaCo2
Is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood
102
Hypercapnia
Decrease minute volume/ slow breathing Overdose, strokes, obesity, pulmonary disease tiredness
103
HypoCapnia
Increase minute volume/fast breathing Anxiety (think paper bag) Shock state decomp Poor pulmonary perfusion ( RBC)

PCP Foundations, 💖🚑 (14 decks)

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