Module 5 - Adulthood

Question 1

what is a chronic condition?

Answer 1

a medical condition that has been or is likely to be present for 6 months or longer

Question 2

a person diagnosed with one or more types of chronic disease is likely to have…

Answer 2

complex health needs, a poorer quality of life and likely to die prematurely

Question 3

how many Australians had one or more chronic conditions in 2017?

Answer 3

47.3%; just under half

Question 4

burden of disease measures the impact of what?

Answer 4

living with illness and injury and dying prematurely

Question 5

risk factor that individuals have the ability to modify; such as diet, smoking and drinking alcohol are known as

Answer 5

behavioural risk factors

Question 6

bodily states that carry direct and specific health risks. these may include obesity and high BP which are influenced by health behaviours

Answer 6

biomedical risk factors

Question 7

modifying risk factors reduce an individual’s risk of what?

Answer 7

developing a chronic disease

Question 8

5 leading causes of death in australia

Answer 8

1. coronary heart disease
2. dementia and alzheimer’s disease
3. cerebrovascular disease
4. lung cancer
5. COPD

Question 9

coronary heart disease (CHD) occurs when?

Answer 9

there is a blockage in the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle

Question 10

two major clinical forms of CHD

Answer 10

heart attack, angina

Question 11

how many australians are living with cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

Answer 11

16.6%

Question 12

examples of CVD

Answer 12

heart failure, coronary heart disease, heart attack, stroke, blood vessel disease

Question 13

is CHD preventable?

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

risk factors of CHD that may be modified

Answer 14

smoking, hypertension, high cholesterol, physical inactivity, poor nutrition, obesity

Question 15

what is found to occur in approximately 4-24% of people who have experienced an acute cardiac event?

Answer 15

Post traumatic stress disorder

Question 16

CVD, T2D, hypertension, sleep apnoea, psychological issues, musculoskeletal conditions and some cancers are all risk factors of what?

Answer 16

overweight and obesity

Question 17

what risk factor is second to tobacco smoking in contributing to burden of disease?

Answer 17

overweight and obesity

Question 18

eating disorders are a group of mental illnesses characterised by problems associated with…

Answer 18

body weight control and severe concern with body weight or shape

Question 19

disorded eating behaviours may include

Answer 19

overeating or restricting food intake

Question 20

4 commonly recognised eating disorders

Answer 20

anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder and other specific feeding or eating disorder

Question 21

anorexia nervosa

Answer 21

characterised by persistent restriction of food and water intake, intense fear of gaining weight

Question 22

bulimia nervosa

Answer 22

repeated binge eating episodes followed by compensatory behaviours such as self induced vomiting or laxative misuse

Question 23

binge eating disorder

Answer 23

repeated episodes of binge eating, often with a sense of loss of control while eating

Question 24

other specified feeding or eating disorder

Answer 24

present with many symptoms of anorexia, bulimia or binge ating disorder but may not meet the full criteria for a diagnosis

Question 25

what is the glycemic index?

Answer 25

a ranking of carbohydrates in food and their effect on blood glucose levels

Question 26

the lower the GI,

Answer 26

the slower the rise in blood glucose levels when the food is consumed

Question 27

what does excess cholesterol cause?

Answer 27

fatty deposits (plaques) to form in the arteries

Question 28

the process of plaques forming in the arteries due to excess cholesterol is called...

Answer 28

atherosclerosis

Question 29

what can the formation of plaques in the arteries lead to?

Answer 29

narrowing of the arteries, eventually blocking them; leading to heart attack or stroke

Question 30

lowering your blood cholesterol levels reduces the risk of...

Answer 30

cardiovascular disease (CVD)

Question 31

two types of cholesterol

Answer 31

LDL and HDL

Question 32

what is LDL?

Answer 32

low density lipoprotein

Question 33

why is LDL known as the 'bad' cholesterol?

Answer 33

helps to form plaques and contributes to atherosclerosis; higher levels of LDL increase the risk of CVD

Question 34

what is HDL?

Answer 34

high density lipoprotein

Question 35

why is HDL known as the 'good' cholesterol?

Answer 35

helps remove excess cholesterol from plaques, slowing plaque growth, + lower levels of HDL reflect higher risk of diabetes and CVD

Question 36

if no other risk factors are present, what should cholesterol levels be?

Answer 36

no higher than 5.5 mmol/L

Question 37

LDL levels for those with CV risk factors

Answer 37

less than 2 mmol/L

Question 38

what are bad fats?

Answer 38

saturated and trans fats

Question 39

why are saturated and trans fats considered to be bad?

Answer 39

they are harmful to the heart

Question 40

what are good fats?

Answer 40

monosaturated fat such as nuts, vegetable oils, nut butter and avocado

Question 41

carbohydrates are made up of what 3 components?

Answer 41

fiber, starch and sugar

Question 42

fiber and starch are

Answer 42

complex carbs

Question 43

sugar is a

Answer 43

simple carb

Question 44

what a complex carbs?

Answer 44

higher in fiber and digest more slowly (better for you than simple carbs)

Question 45

the second contributor to the cancer burden in australia is?

Answer 45

physical inactivity

Question 46

the two most consumed drugs in australia are

Answer 46

alcohol and nicotine

Question 47

how long does it take for alcohol to begin to affect the brain?

Answer 47

5 minutes

Question 48

when does BAC reach its peak after the consumption of a drink?

Answer 48

30-45 minutes after

Question 49

fast consumption of multiple drinks results in a higher BAC because?

Answer 49

the liver has a fixed rate of metabolism regardless of how many drinks are consumed

Question 50

eating when drinking alcohol slows the increase in BACwhy?

Answer 50

the food in the stomach reduces the speed which the alcohol is absorbed into the blood stream

Question 51

cocaine and ecstasy are used less frequently than

Answer 51

cannabis and meth/amphetamine

Question 52

what % of australians aged 16-85 will experience a mental disorder?

Answer 52

45%

Question 53

two most common mental health problems

Answer 53

depression and anxiety disorder

Question 54

less common mental health problems

Answer 54

schizophrenia an bipolar disorder

Question 55

the rate of mental health conditions and levels of psychological distress are increasing amongst which group of people?

Answer 55

recent users of tobacco and illicit drugs

Question 56

daily smokers are more likely than non smokers to what?

Answer 56

experience high levels of stress and more likely to be diagnosed/treated for a mental health condition

Question 57

how long does clinical depression last?

Answer 57

at least 2 weks

Question 58

clinical depression affects a person's ability to what?

Answer 58

carry out their work or have satisfying relationships

Question 59

symptoms of depression are thought to be due to what?

Answer 59

changes in natural brain chemicals called neurotransmitters

Question 60

what do neurotransmitters do?

Answer 60

send messages from one nerve to another

Question 61

when a person becomes depressed, how are the neurotransmitters affected?

Answer 61

the brain can have less of them, including serotonin (mood regulating brain chemical)

Question 62

what is serotonin?

Answer 62

a mood regulating chemical in the brain

Question 63

medical treatments for depression include

Answer 63

- antidepressants - cognitive behaviour therapy - self help books - interpersonal psychotherapy

Question 64

lifestyle and alternative treatments for depression

Answer 64

st john's wort, exercise, light therapy, accupuncture, massage therapy, relaxation therapy, acohol avoidance

Question 65

what is the leading cause for death in australians between ages 15 and 44?

Answer 65

suicide

Question 66

young australians are more likely to take their own life than die how?

Answer 66

in motor vehicle accidents

Question 67

in 2017 what % of males died by suicide

Answer 67

75%