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BIOM1050 > Module 5 - Endocrines > Flashcards

Module 5 - Endocrines Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Thyroid Gland release?

A

Thyroid Hormones and Calcitonin

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2
Q

What does Calcitonin do?

A

Lowers blood calcium level

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3
Q

What do parathyroid glands release?

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

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4
Q

What does the Parathyroid hormone do?

A

Raises blood calcium

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5
Q

What two components make the Adrenal Glands?

A

Adrenal Medulla and Adrenal Cortex

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6
Q

What does the Adrenal Medulla release?

A

Adrenaline and noradrenaline

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7
Q

What does Adrenaline and noradrenaline do?

A

Raise blood glucose level; increase metabolic activity and constrict or dilate blood vessels

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8
Q

What does the Adrenal Cortex do?

A

Glucocorticoids And Mineralocorticoids

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9
Q

What do Glucocorticoids do?

A

Raise blood glucose levels

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10
Q

What do Mineralocorticoids do?

A

Promote reabsorption of Na+ and excretion of K+ in kidneys

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11
Q

What two major endocrines do ovaries release?

A

Oestrogens and Progesterone

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12
Q

What does progesterone do?

A

Promotes uterine lining growth

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13
Q

What major endocrine do the testicles release?

A

Androgens

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14
Q

What do androgens do?

A

Support sperm formation, promote development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics.

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15
Q

What do the Pineal Glands release?

A

Melatonin

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16
Q

What does melatonin do?

A

Participates in regulation of biological rhythms

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17
Q

What hormones do the Posterior Pituitary glands release?

A

Oxytocin and Vasopressin

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18
Q

What does Oxytocin do?

A

Stimulates contract of uterus and mammary gland cells

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19
Q

What is Vasopressin also known as?

A

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

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20
Q

What does Vasopressin do?

A

Promotes retention of water by kidneys;

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21
Q

What part of the brain influences social behaviour and bonding?

A

Posterior Pituitary

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22
Q

What hormones does the Anterior Pituitary release? (7)

A
  • Folicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH)
  • Luteinising Hormone (LH)
  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
  • Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
  • Prolactin
  • Growth Hormone
  • Melanocyte-stimulating Hormone
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23
Q

What does Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinising hormone do? (FSH) and (LH)

A

Stimulate Ovaries and Testes

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24
Q

What does TSH do?

A

Stimulate the Thyroid gland and raise BMR

25
What do Andronocorticotropic hormones (ACTH) do?
Stimulates the adrenal cortex
26
What does prolactin do?
Stimulate the mammary glands
27
What do growth hormones do?
Stimulate growth and metabolic functions
28
What hormone affects colour of melanocytes?
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)?
29
What does the Pancreas release?
Insulin and glucagon
30
What organs contain endocrine cells?
Thymus, Heart, Liver, Stomach, Kidney and Small Intestines
31
What hormones released by the Anterior Pituitary have tropic effects?
FSH/LH, TSH and ACTH
32
What hormones released by the Anterior Pituitary have nontropic effects?
Prolactin and MSH
33
What hormones released by the Anterior Pituitary have both tropic and nontropic effects?
Growth Hormone
34
What are tropic hormones?
Hormones that regulate the function of other endocrine cells or glands
35
What endocrine cells do LH and FSH sitmulate?
The male and female gonads
36
What endocrine cells do TSH stimulate?
The thyroid
37
What endocrine cells do ACTH stimulate?
The adrenal cortex
38
What are nontropic hormones?
Hormones that target nonendocrine tissue
39
What does prolactin do in freshwater fish?
Regulate salt and water balance
40
What does Prolactin do in birds?
Regulates reproduction
41
What does Prolactin do in Amphibians?
Delays metamorphosis
42
What cells of the pancreas release insulin and glucagon?
Beta release insulin, alpha release gulcagon
43
What do enteric divisions control?
Gastro pathways
44
Difference in glucose between starch and cellulose?
Starch: a-glucose Cellulose: b-glucose
45
What are the primary catecholamines?
The primary catecholamines are dopamine, epinephrine (adrenaline), and norepinephrine.
46
The hypophyseal portal system?
The hypophyseal portal system is a system of blood vessels in the microcirculation at the base of the brain, connecting the hypothalamus with the anterior pituitary. Its main function is to quickly transport and exchange hormones between the hypothalamus arcuate nucleus and anterior pituitary gland.
47
What connects oxygen to haemoglobin?
Positive cooperativity
48
How does CO2 kick off O2 from haem?
O2 and H+ fight for haemoglobin
49
Is erythroprotein only produced in the kidneys?
No, it is also produced in perisinusoidal cells in the liver
50
Where is angiotensin converting enzyme produced in the body?
Lungs
51
Aside from releasing aldesterone in the adrenal glands, what does angiotensin 2 do?
Causes arterioles to constrict which causes blood pressure to increase
52
What are more elastic, veins or ateries? Why?
Arteries - If they are not elastic than they would rupture due to pressure.
53
What type of hormone is adrenaline?
Water soluble polypeptide
54
What type of hormone is thyoxine?
lipid soluble amine
55
What type of hormone is cortisol?
Lipid soluble steroid
56
What type of hormone is insulin?
Water solube polypeptide
57
What transduction receptor occurs with insulin?
tyrosine kinase
58
What is thyroxine?
Main thyroid hormone
59
What is residual volume?
Residual volume is the amount of air that remains in a person's lungs after fully exhaling

BIOM1050 (7 decks)

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