Module 6 and Module 0 quizzes and kahoot

Question 1

Based on the word parts, what does the term glycolysis mean?

Answer 1

The process of breaking down glucose for energy

Question 2

Which of the following best defines the word root spir/o?

Answer 2

Air or Breath

Question 3

Based on its word parts, what does the term anabolic mean?

Answer 3

Related to the buildup or synthesis of complex molecules

Question 4

What does the suffix -ase indicate in medical terminology?

Answer 4

A type of enzyme

Question 5

Based on its word parts, what does the term endergonic mean?

Answer 5

A reaction that absorbs or requires energy

Question 6

Most enzymes are ________.

Answer 6

proteins

Question 7

Temperature, pH, certain ions, and regulatory measures affect the function of enzymes by

Answer 7

affecting their conformation.

Question 8

For an enzyme follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics, when [S] is doubled, ______ is/are altered. Hint: Think about constants and variables in the Michaelis-Menten equation:

V0= Vmax[S]/Km+[S]

Answer 8

neither Km nor Vmax

Question 9

Which of the following types of regulations is non-reversible?

Answer 9

Proteolytic cleavage

Question 10

In ____ inhibition, the structure of the inhibitor resembles the structure of the substrate of the affected enzyme.

Answer 10

competitive

Question 11

In a pathway like the one depicted below, which enzyme is inhibited in the classic feedback inhibition process?

e1       e2        e3      e4 A ----> B <----> C <----> D ----> E

Answer 11

Enzyme 1

Question 12

Which of the following types of regulations is typical for extracellular space?

Answer 12

Proteolytic cleavage

Question 13

Activation of the digestive proteases trypsin and chymotrypsin is an example of _____ regulation.

Answer 13

covalent, nonreversible

Question 14

The higher the pH, the higher the enzyme catalyzed reaction rate.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

Warfarin, the active ingredient in the blood-thinning drug ‘Coumadin’

Answer 15

inactivates glutamate carboxylase by competitively binding instead of Vitamin K.

Question 16

Which of the following metabolites is the point of convergence of carbohydrate, fate, and protein catabolism for the purpose of ATP production?

Answer 16

Acetyl-CoA

Question 17

Which of the following coenzymes relies on riboflavin?

Answer 17

FAD

Question 18

Fermentation converts NADH to NAD+ so it can be used in .

Answer 18

glycolysis

Question 19

The sum of degradative reactions is called .

Answer 19

catabolism

Question 20

In which of the following is carbon the most oxidized?

Answer 20

CO2

Question 21

Anabolic pathways

Answer 21

require ATP and reduced electron carriers

Question 22

Citrate is a C___ compound.

Answer 22

6

Question 23

______________ catalyze the transfer of phosphate groups from one organic molecule to another.

Answer 23

Kinases

Question 24

In the CAC cycle, acetyl-CoA gets combined with to form citrate.

Answer 24

oxaloacetate

Question 25

In which processes is oxidation of carbon occurring? Choose the best answer. A. Krebs cycle B. Glycolysis C. Beta-oxidation D. Oxidative phosphorylation E. PDH (pyruvate dehydrogenase) complex

Answer 25

A, B, C, and E

Question 26

Which of the following CANNOT be a cofactor or coenzyme?

Answer 26

a polypeptide

Question 27

Enzymes increase reaction rates by

Answer 27

lowering the activation energy.

Question 28

Based on these experimental enzyme kinetics results, what is the estimated Km?

Answer 28

2 mmol/L

Question 29

A competitive inhibitor binds

Answer 29

at the active site instead of the S.

Question 30

Vmax for an enzyme-catalyzed reaction

Answer 30

is 2x the rate observed when the [S] is equal to Km.

Question 31

The linear (double-reciprocal) graph below shows a case of ________ inhibition.

Answer 31

mixed

Question 32

Feedback inhibition is an example of _______ inhibition.

Answer 32

non-covalent reversible

Question 33

Glutamate carboxylase involved in blood clotting is _______.

Answer 33

vitamin K dependent

Question 34

Which of the following describes the typical feedback inhibition the best?

Answer 34

allosteric

Question 35

Which of the following best defines the term “encephalopathy”?

Answer 35

Disease of the brain

Question 36

What does the term “polyneuropathy” refer to?

Answer 36

A disorder affecting multiple nerves

Question 37

True or False: The combining form “myel/o” can refer to the spinal cord.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Which one of these describes the dermatome affected most by an L5-S1 disc herniation.

Answer 38

S1

Question 39

The Achilles reflex would be lost in an __ nerve root lesion.

Answer 39

S1

Question 40

Besides entrapment at the intervertebral disc by disc herniation, what other structure may be responsible for the pain syndrome called sciatica?

Answer 40

Entrapment by the piriformis muscle

Question 41

There is an orthopedic test that is well-known to be specific to diagnosis of spinal root involvement and disc herniation. What is it:

Answer 41

Tension test called the Straight Leg Raise (SLR)

Question 42

Do disc herniations always require surgery to reduce them?

Answer 42

No

Question 43

During the history, what symptoms would indicate radiculopathy? Choose all that apply. A. Pain that is unrelieved by rest B. Paresthesia in a cutaneous pattern C. Muscle weakness in a peripheral nerve pattern D. Paresthesia in a dermatomal pattern

Answer 43

A and D

Question 44

What is the significance of the endoneurium in the context of positive axonal repair? Endoneurium acts:

Answer 44

as a guide conduit for the sprouting axons

Question 45

Define Wallerian Degeneration. Choose all that apply. A. A process at the distal stump of a damaged axon, preparing the way for axonal sprouting B. A process organized by Schwann cells following a lesion of an axon. C. A process only occurring in central nervous system axonal damage D. A process involving the breakdown of the proximal stump of a damaged axon

Answer 45

A and B

Question 46

Define transneuronal degeneration.

Answer 46

When one neuron is lost, the neuron ahead or behind in the synaptic chain may also be lost

Question 47

Define axonotmesis.

Answer 47

Axonal disruption of some of the axons in a nerve, without displacement of the endoneurium

Question 48

The axon reaction refers to:

Answer 48

The total effect on the cell body due to the loss of its axon

Question 49

Describe the process of chromatolysis. Choose TWO. A. Dispersal of the Nissl Substance B. Displacement of the nucleus C. Dispersal of the nucleolus D. Dispersal of the rER

Answer 49

A and D

Question 50

Axonal sprouting of PNS axons occurs due to growth factors released from:

Answer 50

Schwann cells

Question 51

What is a neuroma? Choose all that apply. A. Malignant tumor of neurons B. Tissues created in a nerve affected by Neurotmesis. C. Enlarged knot of axonal sprouts and scar tissue D. Incomplete sprouting of axons unable to enter the endoneurial tube

Answer 51

B, C, and D

Question 52

Describe the process of recovery following axonal damage in the CNS. Choose the best single answer.

Answer 52

Neuroplasticity