Module 6: Heros and Villians

Question 1

2 underlying causes of aggressive behaviour include

Answer 1

inability to self-regulate emotions effectively
higher risk of violentbehaviour in makes

Question 2

Aggressive behaviour is associated with WHAT

Answer 2

Villiany

Question 3

Males are more likely to show WHAT aggression while females are more likely to show WHAT aggression

Answer 3

direct, indirect

Question 4

What is the following perspective of aggression:
-Aggressive drives and behaviour are instinctual
Freud-aggression is basic human instinct related to death instinct,
Aggression is activated by frustration or anfer, is not learnt, needs to be inhibited by socialisation
The role of consciousness-aggressive motives may blend in with other motives to produce behaviour not consciously intended as sadistic (eg joining the army_, triggers for aggression can be unconscious

Answer 4

Instictual perspective

Question 5

What is the following perspective of aggression:

Aggression is present in all animals, including human beings, concerned with maintaining survival and reproduction, life history theory, slow life strategy, fast life strategy, humans have eveloved aggressive mechanisms that can be activated when circumstances threaten their survival, reproduction, success of their kin

Answer 5

Evolutionary

Question 6

What theory is the following:
Attempts to explain individual differences in personality as an adaptable response in the context of environmental difficulties and includes slow life and fast life strategies.

Answer 6

Life history theory

Question 7

What is the slow life strategy

Answer 7

Some animals have few children at older age and invest lots of energy into looking after them. Its a long term investment and reward

Question 8

What is the fast life strategy

Answer 8

Animals produce huge number of offspring, little energy, at least some will survive, short term investment with immediate rewards (more likely in developing countries, dark triad)

Question 9

What is the following perspective of aggression:

Aggressive behaviour is due to triggering of thoughts and behaviours associated with aggression. Frustration-aggress-hypothesis, aggression is related to environmental event

Answer 9

Cognitive Neoassociation theory

Question 10

What is frustration-aggression-hypothesis

Answer 10

people become aggressive when they feel frustrated (frustration leads to unpleasant emotions that lead to aggressive behaviour

Question 11

What is the following perspective of aggression:
Tha activation and inhibition of aggression depends on culture and learning
Eg. corporal punishment of a child=more aggressive child
Social rewards and punishment shape behaviour, cognitions play a role in exhibition of aggressive behaviour, role moddelled behaviour/observational learning (Tv, video games)

Answer 11

Cognitive-social perspective

Question 12

What is the general aggression model?

Answer 12

Person and situation input variable influence aggression via the cognitions, arousal, and emotions they generate

Personal variables interac with situational variable that lead to cognitions and feelings

Threatened egotism

Unstable high self-esteem greater impact on aggressive tendancies than stable high self esteem

Question 13

What is threatened egotism?

Answer 13

Relationship among self esteem + negative evlauations + aggressions

(Personal variable + situational input + output)

Question 14

What is the multiple systems model of aggression?

Answer 14

focuses on angry rumination as triggering the activation of neurons in the brain and how people respons to angry feelings, in trun influencing the part of the brain responsible for executive control and aggressive behaviours

Question 15

What is deindividuation

Answer 15

The effect whereby individuals become anonymous and no lonfer consider themselves accountable for what they have done

Question 16

What is social influence?

Answer 16

Efffects of the presence of others on the way individuals think, feel, behave

Question 17

What is self-fullfilling prophecies?

Answer 17

False impressions of a situation evoke behaviour that makes these impressions become true

Question 18

In the Milgram experiment, how many percent of peope delivered the maximum shock

Answer 18

65

Question 19

In themilgram experiment, the presence of what reduced compliance levels

Answer 19

Rebellious peers

Question 20

In the milgram experiment, what factors influenced obedience

Answer 20

Proximity to participant, proximity to experimenter

Question 21

What is confromity

Answer 21

Changing our attitudes of behaviour to accomodate the stance of peers or groups

Question 22

What is a psotive reference group

Answer 22

Influences behaviour by the individuals taking up a certain behaviour due to the groups influence

Question 23

What is a negative reference group

Answer 23

Infleunces behaviour such that the individual follows their own standards rather than those of the group

Question 24

What is social facilitation

Answer 24

When the presence of other individuals helps or hurts individual performance

Question 25

What is social loafing

Answer 25

When people exert less effort when in a group

Question 26

What is group polarisation

Answer 26

A movement towards a decision that is at teh extreme position that occurs when group members become more exposed to new ifnormation argued in a persuassive manner

Question 27

What is group cohesiveness

Answer 27

People tend to cluster together to be viewed even more favourably by members of their ingroup

Question 28

Group decisions can be WHAT and diluted if things go wrong

Answer 28

shared responsibility

Question 29

What is group think

Answer 29

When members of a group make decisions based more on maintaining group harmony and cohesiveness than a critical analysis of the realities of a situation

Question 30

Group think is common in groups where what

Answer 30

there is a charsimatic and strong leader and where the group is under extreme stress

Question 31

External oppostion to a group tends to create a WHAT position

Answer 31

Us against them, hardened position

Question 32

Is heroism linked to power

Answer 32

not necissarily

Question 33

True or false: Status and rank have no part in determining who deserves or is awarded a hero title

Answer 33

True

Question 34

The concept of what makes someone a hero closely linke to what

Answer 34

The bystander intervention

Question 35

What is a reluctant hero

Answer 35

a hero who refuses the call to action and implicitly supports the perpretrators of evil

Question 36

What is the following: A cruelly malicious person who is involved in or devoted to wickedness or crime, a scoundral

Answer 36

A villian

Question 37

What is the following: A theory which idnetifies the elements of stories that resonate with audiences as a central tenet of storytelling. Individuals relate to and identify with characters based on the stories they hear about them

Answer 37

Narrative theory

Question 38

Villian-victim-hero traid is central to what

Answer 38

political protests and conflicts

Question 39

What is the following: A theory of moral characters which proposes the individual relate to characters and the traits of goodness and power prevail in defining character types.

Answer 39

Character Theory

Question 40

What are the two basic dimensions used to define characters

Answer 40

Moral quality and power

Question 41

What is the following: Explains why particular characters resonate with audiences and describe processes through which cultural perceptions of identities, behaviours, settings, and other concepts affect people thoughts, emotions, reactions

Answer 41

Affect Control theory

Question 42

People assign effective meaning to thinkgs in their environemnt based on what three main dimensions

Answer 42

Evaluation (good or bad) Potency (Strong or weak) Activity (lively or sluggish)

Question 43

What is deflection

Answer 43

Mismatch between our sentiments about a character and what we see in everyday life

Question 44

What is unresolved deflection

Answer 44

causes inner disturbance an dpsychological distress

Question 45

What are the three dark traid traits

Answer 45

Narcissim, Machiavellianism, Psychopathy

Question 46

Which of the following dark triad traits is this: selfishness, boastfullness, arrogance, lack of empathy, hypersensitivity to criticism, over confident but deep insecurities, may be seen to be vein, self centered, shallow, self concerned, egotistical, only see things from their point of view

Answer 46

Narcissim

Question 47

Which of the following dark triad traits is this: Duplicity, manipulation, self interest, lack of emotion and morality, cunning master manipulators who lie and commit other immoral acts without remorse, use any means they can to obtain and keep power

Answer 47

Machiavellism

Question 48

Which of the following dark triad traits is this: Lack of empathy or remorse, antisocial behaviour, manipualtive and volatile, controlling their personal and prefessional relationships as they attempt to balance inner chaos or weaknesses they experience, unpredictable in intentions and behaviours, explosive if things dont go as planned, disregard for others feelings leads to not respecting boundaries others set, invasive impinging on privacy

Answer 48

Psychopathy

Question 49

What are some implications of the dark traid

Answer 49

anger management issues, bullying, manipulative tendancies, exhibiting narcissim, potentially aggressive behaviour, selfishness, deceitfullness

Question 50

What are some ways to dealt with people showing dark traid traits

Answer 50

Be assertive, build empathy, build emotional intelligence, be aware of body language, practice good self regulation