Module 7 Flashcards
(22 cards)
a chemical involved in, but not consumed in, a chemical reaction
catalyst
proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy necessary to break the chemical bonds in reactants and form new chemical bonds in the products.
Enzymes
how do enzymes assist in DNA Replication
unwinding dna coils
how do enzymes assist the digestive system
breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules
enzymes breakdown this molecule so that the body can use them as fuel
glucose
What are the two models that depict enzyme-substrate binding
Lock and Key model, Induced fit model
in this model substrates fit into the active site of the enzyme
with no further modifications to the enzyme shape required.
Lock and Key Model
in this model substrate interaction with the enzyme causes the shape of the enzyme to change to better fit the substrate and mediate the chemical reaction
Induced fit Model
List three ways to increase the rate of chemical reaction
Increasing the temperature, Increasing the concentration of reacting substances, adding a catalyst
These bring reactants closer together in the appropriate orientation and weaken bonds, increasing the reaction rate.
Catalysts
why does the rate of enzyme activity decrease at high temperatures
enzyme becomes denatured and can no longer function
why does the rate of enzyme activity decrease at high pH values
enzyme active site changes shape due to pH value
why does the rate of enzyme activity reach a plateau when substrate concentration increases
a point is reached when the enzymes become saturated
what enzyme breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen
catalase
Is the one of the simplest and best-known approaches to enzyme kinetics.
Michaelis-Menten Kinetics
what is used to represent the maximum velocity achieved by the system
Vmax
aka the Michaelis constant; is the substrate concentration at which the reaction velocity is 50% of the Vmax
Km
variable for the concentration of the substrate
[S]
a measure of an enzyme’s ability to convert substrate into product
Catalytic efficiency
Three parameters that help determine the enzymes substrate affinity, reaction rate, and overall efficiency in catalyzing a specific reaction
Vmax, Km, & Catalytic Efficiency
what test uses hydrogen peroxide
Catalase Test
what is the formula for the Michaelis-Menten Equation System
v = Vmax [S] / Km+ [S]
