Module 9 Flashcards
(20 cards)
what are the three components of a nucleotide
a sugar, a phosphate group, and nitrogenous base
what are the three pyrimidines
Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil
the unit of length for single-stranded nucleic acids
nucleotide (nt)
the unit of length for double-stranded nucleic acids
base pairs (bp)
three classes of macromolecules
DNA, RNA, and Proteins
very stable enzymes that catalyze the digestion of nucleic acids by cleaving the phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides
Nucleases
specifically digests DNA
DNases
specifically digests RNA
RNases
*involves breaking open cells by different means, but without any means to isolate nucleic acids
from the crude lysate
Crude Lysis
*uses phenol and chloroform to separate hydrophilic nucleic acids from hydrophobic lipids and proteins before precipitating nucleic acids out of the solution with alcohol
Liquid-Phase Organic Extraction
*uses salts to precipitate out proteins before precipitating nucleic acids out of the solution with alcohol
Liquid-Phase Inorganic Extraction
*Uses magnetic beads that can bind nucleic acids, which can then be separated from the mixture and treated to release the bound nucleic acids. This method can be automated.
Magnetic Beads
*uses a positively-charged silica membrane to filter out unwanted molecules and bind negatively-charged nucleic acids under high salt conditions that can be filtered out separately to yield pure nucleic acid
Solid-Phase Extraction
4 basic steps of nucleic acid extraction
Lysis, Binding, Washing, Elution
unit of measure for nucleic acids
nt/bp
DNA is composed of a string of what
deoxyribonucleotides
dictates the flow of genetic information among DNA, RNA and proteins
Central dogma
Who expressed central dogma
Francis Crick
a nucleotide that gas no phosphate group
nucleoside
give 3 different extraction methods
crude lysis, liquid-phase inorganic extraction, liquid-phase organic extraction, magnetic beads, solid-phase extraction
