module 9

Question 1

ABI

Answer 1

Acquired Brain Injury: causes of brain injury (to CNS) follownig near-normal brain development (occured outside of neonatal period of life -> not birth or perinatal, 3 mo post natal cut off)

Question 2

Types of ABI

Answer 2

1- non-traumatic : internal factors cause damage (ex: infeection, lack of oxygen) ex: encephalitis, meningitis, aneurysm, brain tumour, near-drowning, strokes

2- traumatic: external factors (ex: bumps, blow, jolt), can be open or closed head injury (ex: penetrating or accleration/deceleration impact)
ex: falls, MVA, pedestrial vehicle, gunshot
*accidental or not (inflicted)

Question 3

TBI (Pediatric traumatic brain injury) incidence

Answer 3

-leading cause of death in those under the age of 19
- 1 in 30 newborns before they turn 6
- 500 in 100 000 will experience in a year
- 9.6% death canada

Question 4

TBI predisposition factors

Answer 4

• incomplete fusion of skull
• disproportionaltely large head
• architecture of the pediatric brain

Question 5

TBI major cuases per age group (0-1 16+, 1-5 60 +, 5-15, 15-60)

Answer 5

-violence
-falls
-bike/sporting
-motor vehicle collision

Question 6

frontal lobe functions

Answer 6

voluntary movement, expressive langauge, higher level executive functions

Question 7

perietal lobe

Answer 7

processing somatosensory information from the body (touch paain temperature limb position)

Question 8

occipital lobe

Answer 8

visual processings, visuospacial, memory

Question 9

temporal lobe

Answer 9

auditory info, encoding memory, emotion, language

Question 10

injury frontal

Answer 10

• feeling like a different person (disinhibited or overly reserved)
• difficulty with initialtion
• decreased ability to focus and attend
• challenges with plannign and organizing simple activities
• decreased insight into imparments

Question 11

injury parietal

Answer 11

-intergration of senses (touch, taste, temperature,e tc)

Question 12

occipial lobe injury

Answer 12

-vision
-visual integration

Question 13

temporal injury

Answer 13

• difficulty understanding words, follinwg directions, understanding/remembering stories
• trouble finding the right words to name objects, producing sentences, giving directions, giving explanations, retelling personal expriences
• reading
• understanding emotion of others

Question 14

Cerebellum injury

Answer 14

-balance
- motor co-ordination
-body awareness

Question 15

brainstem injury

Answer 15

-breathing
-consciousness
- heart rate
- blood pressure
-sleep

Question 16

common clinical presentation abi (stroke, posterior fossa tumor, encephalitis), degrees of injury, what is present in nearly all abi cases,

Answer 16

stoke : word finding
posterior f t : temporary mutism
encephalitis: dysarthria

focal or diffuse

cognitif communication difficulties and sometimes disarthria (-> depends on the neural networks that are impacted)

Question 17

predictors of long term outcomes of injury

Answer 17

• injury related ( severity, diffuse vs local)
• demographic (age at injury, home environmenet)
• pre-injury (pre=injuring fucntioning)

Question 18

Cognitive communnication disorder (CCD)

Answer 18

difficulties with any aspect of sommunication (listening, speaking, gesturing, reading, writing, thinking) that is affected by disruption/impairment of cognition and cognitive processes, including attention, memory organization, problem solving, reasoning, executive functions