Module 9 Flashcards
(86 cards)
What are the two phases of breathing?
Inspiration (draws oxygen rich air into lungs)
Expiration (forces oxygen poor air out of lungs)
What are the five functions of the respiratory system?
Gas exchange
Gas conditioning
Sound production
Olfaction
Defense
What does external respiration involve?
External respiration refers to the exchange of gases between the air and blood. Inspired oxygen moves across the cellular membranes of the … in the lung and its associated … into the blood, while waste carbon dioxide moves in the opposite direction out of the body.
alveolus, capillaries
What does internal respiration involve?
Similar mechanism that exchanges gases between blood and cells of body.
What is the point of gas conditioning?
Warming, conditioning, cleansing gases entering lungs to prevent damage
Where does gas conditioning occur? What does it involve? How is it cleansed?
- Nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses
- Air is swirled around to become warm and humidified
- Inhaled air is cleansed of particulate matter through contact with mucosal lining of respiratory epithelium
What does production of sound (ex. singing/speech) occur by?
forceful expiration of air through vocal cords in larynx, causing them to vibrate
Where does olfactory epithelium cover?
Top of nasal cavity
Where are receptors for smell located?
Within olfactory epithelium
How does olfaction work?
When air is inhaled in the nasal cavity, airborne molecules dissolve in mucus which lines cavity and stimulates receptors.
Signals from these receptors travel to the brain through CN I, causing sense of smell.
What helps trap particles and microorganisms from entering nose and respiratory system (3)?
- Coarse hairs of nostrils
- Ciliated cells of respiratory epithelium
- Mucus lining
The epithelium of the respiratory tract is … meaning all cells are attached to the … but only some reach the surface
pseudostratified
basal lamina
The apical surface of the pseudostratified epithelium is covered in … which are small fingerlike projections extending from the cell
Cilia
What are two functions of cilia?
- increase surface area for conditioning air (filtering, humidifying, moistening)
- function to trap inhaled particles and microorganisms caught in mucus, and sweep them back up the respiratory tract and out through nose and mouth
What cells are interspersed throughout the pseudostratified epithelium?
Goblet cells
What do goblet cells produce? What are two functions of what it produces?
Mucus
- protective layer over epithelium & traps particulate matter or microorganisms that may be inhaled
- provides moisture to humidify air before reaching lungs
What are two regions of respiratory system?
Conducting Portion
Respiratory Portion
- Nose and nasal cavity
- Paranasal sinuses
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Primary, secondary, and tertiary bronchi
Are part of what portion?
Conducting
- Respiratory bronchioles
- Alveolar ducts
- Alveolar sacs
- Alveoli
Are part of what portion?
Respiratory
What does the conducting portion do? Is oxygen absorbed into blood here?
Conduct inhaled air from outside world to lung tissue. Conducts air from lungs to outside world. This is where humidification and trapping of debris occurs. No oxygen is absorbed into blood in this region as the walls of organs are too thick.
What is the function of the respiratory region?
- transfers gases between lungs and pulmonary capillaries
What are pulmonary capillaries? What do they do?
Terminal structures within lungs with thin walls to facilitate movement of gases from air to blood & vice versa
What are a collection of air filled spaces within bones of the skull communicating with the nasal cavity called?
Paranasal Sinuses
What are the four types of paranasal sinuses (each paired)?
Frontal sinus
Maxillary sinus
Ethmoid sinus
Sphenoid sinus
