Module 9

Question 1

What is the primary health care reform?

Answer 1

The key feature of primary health care reform is a shift to teams of providers who are accountable for providing comprehensive services to their clients.

All provinces and territories are implementing plans for primary health care reform, with funding support from the federal Primary Health Care Transition Fund.

Common areas of focus:

• teams of health care providers and organizations responsible for providing comprehensive services
• telephone advice lines to provide 24-hour first-contact services
• improvements in the management of chronic diseases
• a greater emphasis on health promotion and illness/injury prevention
• voluntary participation by providers and patients alike
• capacity-building in evaluation, so that system performance may be monitored

Question 2

What is primary health care?

Answer 2

Primary Health Care- is a broader term which derives from core principles articulated by the World Health Organization and which describes an approach to health policy and service provision that includes both services delivered to individuals (Primary Care services) and population-level “public health-type” functions

• came about from the alma ata declaration
• approach to health and a spectrum beyond the traditional health care system
• includes all services that play a part in health

Question 3

Primary health care vs. primary care?

Answer 3

Primary health care is a broader term that derives from core principles articulated by the WHO and which describes an approach to health policy and service provision that includes both services delivered to individuals (primary care) and population level “public health-type functions”

Question 4

What is primary care?

Answer 4

Element within primary health care that focus on health care services, including health promotion, diagnosis, treatment, injury and illness

Question 5

The principles of primary health care?

Answer 5

• Accessibility
• Public participation
• Health promotion
• Appropriate technology
• Intersectoral approach

Question 6

What does PHC include?

Answer 6

-responsive to community needs
-direct provision of first-contact services
-coordinates care across the continuum of services
which also includes:
prevention and treatment of common injuries and diseases
basic emergency services
primary mental health care
palliative and end-of-life care
health promotion
healthy child development
primary maternity care
rehabilitation services

Question 7

Barriers to PHC?

Answer 7

lack of emphasis on health promotion and disease prevention
lack of continuity of care (communication between sectors and institutions)
problems with access (especially in rural areas)
health care providers working conditions

Question 8

What is the source of the problem in primary health care?

Answer 8

health systems and health development agendas have evolved into a patchwork of components. vast proportion of resources are spent on curative services that neglect prevention and health promotion

Question 9

Nurses role in primary health care? in acute care and community care

Answer 9

Acute Care:
- Basic emergency services
- Referrals to/ coordination with 
other levels of care (hospitals and 
specialist care)
- Primary maternity care
- Treatment of common diseases and 
injuries

Community:

• Health promotion
• Advocate
• Develop models
• Close relationships with individual and community enable them to observe the strengths and gaps in the current healthcare system
• Prevention of common diseases and injuries
• Healthy child development

Question 10

5 key principles from WHO to achieving PHC

Answer 10

1. Reducing exclusion and social disparities in health (universal)
2. Organizing health services around peoples needs and expectations (service delivery)
3. integrating health into all sectors (public policy reforms)
4. Pursing collaborative models of policy dialogue (leadership reforms)
   and increasing stakeholder participation