Module 9: Meiosis And Sexual Reproduction Flashcards
What is a fertilised egg called?
A zygote.
What is a karyotype?
An ordered display of the pairs of chromosomes from a cell.
Used to diagnose some genetic diseases.
What are gametes?
Reproductive cells.
In humans, they are eggs or sperm.
What is a somatic cell?
Any normal cell in a multicellular organism that is not involved in reproduction.
What is an autosome?
Any chromosome that is not a sex chromsome.
What is a sex chromosome?
The chromosome that determines genetic sex.
In humans, this is X and Y chromosomes.
What are sex cells?
Cells that combined during fertilisation.
Half the genetic content of a somatic cell.
also known as gametes
What is haploid?
Half the genetic complement of the cell.
in humans, 23 chromosomes
What is diploid?
Full genetic complement.
in humans, 2n = 46
What are homologous chromosomes?
Chromosomes that are the same size, shape, same centromere and same genes.
One from each parent.
What is a sister chromatid?
The replicated arms of a duplicated chromosome.
What is a non-sister chromotid?
The replicated arm of other homologous chromosomes.
