Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neuroscience > Module D-02 > Flashcards

Module D-02 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 somatosensory modalities?

A

Touch, vibration,proprioception(muscular),pain and temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of neurons are the somatosensory receptor neurons?

A

Pseudounipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are sensory endings of the somatosensory receptor neurons found?

A

In skin or in (close to) muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where are cell bodies of the somatosensory receptor neurons found?

A

Dorsal root and Cranial nerve Ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 2 Cutaneous touch receptors?

A

1) Merkel’s disks

2) Ruffini’s endings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of specific touch is transduced by Merkel’s disks?

A

discriminative touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of specific touch is transduced by Ruffini’s endings?

A

skin stretch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 2 Cutaneous receptor specific for Vibration?

A

1) Meissner’s corpuscles

2) Pacinian corpuscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of vibration do Meissner’s corpuscles have highest sensitivity?

A

highest sensitivity / lowest threshold for lower frequencies of about 50 Hz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of vibration do Pacinian corpuscles have highest sensitivity?

A

highest sensitivity / lowest threshold for higher frequencies of about 300 Hz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of receptors transduce the signal for pain and temperature?

A

Free nerve endings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of free nerve endings for prickling pain and burning pain?

A
  • pricking pain by rapidly adapting mechano-sensitive or thermo-sensitive receptors,
  • burning pain by slowly adapting polymodal receptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of free nerve endings for Temperature?

A

Cold and warm receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of receptors transduce proprioception (position sense)?

A

Proprioceptors:

Muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where are muscle spindles found?

A

Embedded in extrafusal fibers of working musculature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of receptor are the primary receptor of muscle spindle ?

A

Rapidly adapting receptor with a 1a afferent fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which receptor for deep tendon reflex(myotatic reflex)?

A

Ia afferent fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What type of receptor is the secondary receptor of a muscle spindle?

A

slowly adapting receptor class II afferent fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What type of info does the primary muscle spindle fiber (1a)transduce?

A

Stretch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What type of info does the secondary muscle spindle fiber (class II) transduce?

A

Muscle length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where are golgi tendon organs located?

A

border between muscle and tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What type of receptor is the golgi afferent fiber?

A

1b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What do the 1b fiber form?

A

afferent limb of inverse myotatic reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Afferent fibers from proprioceptors form which important pathways to the cerebellum ?

A

dorsal and ventral spinocerebellar tracts (don’t reach consciousness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Somatosensory receptors use four different fiber types:
1) Large myelinated fibers (muscle 1 and cutaneous A alpha) 2) medium myelinated fibers (muscle II and cutaneous A beta) 3) small myelinated fibers (muscle III and cutaneous A delta) 4) unmyelinated fibers (muscle IV and cutaneous C)
26
Size and conduction velocity of Large and medium myelinated fibers
diameters : up to 20 μm | conduction velocities : up to 120 m/sec
27
What type of receptors use Large and medium myelinated fibers?
cutaneous mechanoreceptors and proprioceptors
28
What type of sensory info do Large and medium myelinated fibers carry?
touch, vibration and proprioception
29
Size and conduction velocity of small myelinated fibers
diameters: about 1 μm | conduction velocities : 5 m/sec
30
Size and conduction velocity of unmyelinated fibers
diameter: 0.2 and 1.5 μm | conduction velocities: from about 0.5 to about 2 m/sec.
31
What type of sensory info do small myelinated and unmyelinated fibers carry?
pain and temperature
32
Between which vertebrae does the T1 spinal nerve emerge?
btw T1 and T2
33
At what level does the spinal cord end?
L1/L2
34
The sensory and motor nerve roots that are below L1/L2 form the___________
cauda equina
35
Dermatome for back of the head
C2
36
Dermatome for thumb
C6
37
Dermatome for Middle finger
C7
38
Dermatome for Little finger
C8
39
Dermatome for Nipple line
T4
40
Dermatome for Umbilicus
T10
41
Dermatome for Groin
L1
42
Dermatome for big toe
L5
43
Dermatome for Little toe
S1
44
Which pathway carries Touch, vibration and proprioception ?
the dorsal column/ medial lemniscus system
45
Which pathway carries Pain and Temperature?
anterolateral system (aka spinothalamic tract)
46
Describe the pathway of fibers going in the Dorsal column/medial lemniscus system.
Fibers of the dorsal root ganglion neurons => enter the dorsal column => ascend within this white matter tract(cuneate and gracile fasciculus) => to the medulla => synapse in the nuclei of the dorsal columns (cuneate and gracile nucleus).
47
Fibers that ascend in the cuneate fasciculus originate from________
Upper extremities
48
Fibers that ascend in the Gracile fasciculus originate from________
Lower extremities
49
Describe the 2 pathways of afferent pain and temp. fibers for Anterolateral system
1) Anterolateral tract: Enter the spinal cord segments via the dorsal roots of the spinal nerves => central axons of dorsal root ganglion neurons => synapse within the dorsal horn => axons of the second order neurons cross to the contralateral side through the anterior white commissure => ascend in the ALS fiber tract of the spinal cord (white matter) 2) Collateral fibers also go up the dorsolateral tract -Lissauer's Tract
50
Where are pain and temp second order fibers from the arm ascend in the anterolateral column?
Medially
51
Where are pain and temp second order fibers from the leg ascend in the anterolateral column?
laterally
52
Where does Lissauer's tract go?
collaterals of the primary afferent fibers may ascend (or descend) one or two segments in the dorsolateral fasciculus - divergent fibers that synapse on multiple neurons
53
What virus does Shingles originate from?
Herpes zoster
54
Describe the symptoms of shingles
painful skin irritations in the dermatomal area innervated by the related ganglion
55
Where does the herpes zoster virus stay when latent?
in dorsal root ganglion cells or trigeminal ganglion cells
56
What is Brown Sequard Syndrome?
Hemisection of the spinal cord as a result of a slow growing mass, or a traumatic lesion interrupting ascending and descending fibers on one side of the cord causing both sensory and motor losses
57
Key sensory finding in Brown Sequard syndrome
Touch, vibration and proprioception are lost on one side of the body, whereas pain and temperature are lost on the other side of the body
58
What are the sensory findings AT the level of the lesion in Brown Sequard syndrome?
``` Ipsilateral side (lesion side): Loss of all 5 somatosensory modalities Contralateral side: none are lost ```
59
What are the sensory findings BELOW the level of the lesion in Brown Sequard syndrome?
Ipsilateral side (lesion side): loss of touch, vibration and proprioception (which started at the level of the lesion) continues through all dermatomes below Contralateral side: pain and temperature sensations are all lost except one or two segments that may be spared due to Lissauer's tract
60
Which tract is found in the Lateral column?
Corticospinal Tract
61
What is Syringomyelia?
pathologic enlargement of the central canal of the spinal cord, that interrupts the fibers of the anterior commisure
62
What are the sensory losses AT the level of the lesion in Syringomyelia?
Bilateral: Loss of only Pain and temp
63
What are the sensory losses Below the level of the lesion in Syringomyelia?
Bilateral: No losses

Neuroscience (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions