module five Flashcards
(17 cards)
youth perceptions of gender roles
how young people understand gender masculinity and femininity
plan international
- global humanitarian aid organization (NGO)
- a large focus of the work they do is related to gender and empowering women and girls
- released a “Because I am a Girl survey” (2011), which was focussed on young people’s understanding of gender and roles
- 1003 youth participants aged 12-17
- Canadian data summarized the strong belief in equality between women and girls while still having a continued influence on traditional gender roles
youth perceptions of masculinity in canada
- boys and men have less freedom to move outside traditional male gender norms and masculinity
- boundaries around masculinity are more rigid and narrow
- these boundaries have been slow and reluctant to change over time
youth perceptions of femininity in Canada
- ⅓ of youth still say a woman’s most important role was taking care of the home and cooking while men focus on being responsible for earning money and providing
- faced with an internal struggle between traditional and progressive perceptions of gender roles
issues faced by sexual/gender minority youths in comparison to hetero/cisgender youth
- greater likelihood of abuse, including within the family
- because of increased exposure to stigma and abuse, they have an increased risk of lifetime PTSD
- higher rates of suicide ideation and suicide attempts
- called names, made fun of, or bullied
- feel unsafe in school, which contributes to higher levels of truancy/skipping school, which affects education and future educational opportunities
elite discourses of sex and gender
- elite discourses contend that sex, gender, and sexuality correspond
- elite discourses have historically been based on binaries of sex
- elite discourses equate these three binaries so that to be male means to be masculine, which means to be attracted to women and vice versa for women
- different culture have different discourses of sex, gender and sexuality not based on binaries
elite discourses and traits
- associated with traits/characteristics/stereotypes
- masculine = tough and does not show emotion, handy, breadwinner, independent
- feminine = gentle, dainty, caregiver/nurturing, dependent
elite discourses in a specific time and place
- elite discourses are products of specific time and place, that being industrialization
- home became the place for women and children
- public sphere became the realm for the husband/father
- shift to hegemonic/exaggerated/dominant form of masculinity which embodies tough, strong, independent and buff as traits
- shift to emphasized femininity which embodies passive, nurturing and submissive traits
video notes
- he believed his father suspected he was gay in early childhood and got him to engage in “character building activities” such as aggressive sports, construction jobs and Quran verses
- if he were reported to the police for being gay, he would spend 3 years in prison, receive public shaming and torture
- he accepted the role of the outcast in his society and created a safe haven for other homosexual individuals
- was arrested in 2012 with no explanation
- after immigrating to Canada, he still felt like he had to fight, this time against prejudice and racism against immigrants
what are the five various stage models of LGBTQ identity development
- feeling of differentness
- identity formation as developmental process
- the need for disclosure
- the need for a stage of pride/cultural immersion
- the need for identity integration/synthesis
feeling of differentness
youth begin to feel that they are different from their peers or that their behaviors or attractions are incongruent with their heterosexual identity
identity formation as developmental process
stages later in the models are considered to be healthier or more advanced than earlier stages
the need for disclosure
a coming out process is integral to living a healthy queer life
the need for a stage of pride/cultural immersion
this stage is often characterized by what is considered to be outrageous and unthinkable behaviour and a rejection of heterosexual society
the need for identity integration/synthesis
this stage is often characterized by decreased anger against societal norms and increased emotional balance
what are some societal assumptions or views on coming out that may complicate it
- societal intolerance during the coming out process impairs homosexual [sic] persons’ abilities to develop their identity in relation to the society as a whole and this may increase the risk for mental health problems in this group
- the act of coming out is taken up by many LGBTQ people as a sort of personal duty, and see it as something you “have to inform” others of
- there is widespread lack of cultural understanding of bisexuality, the negative stereotypes attached to bisexuality and the continued uncertainty about one’s identity that often results from living in a society that believes that bisexual people do not even exist
what is the Teens Resisting Urban Trans/Homophobia (TRUTH) project
- The Teens Resisting Urban Trans/Homophobia (TRUTH) project was a qualitative research project using photovoice methods that examined LGBTQ youth’s experiences
- photovoice is a method whereby participants are given cameras and asked to take photos of their daily experiences. Its objective extends beyond merely producing research findings, toward meaningfully engaging participants and working toward social change
- emphasized LGBTQ youth’s challenges as well as personal agency, community strengths, and resilience in the face of social exclusion
- engaged youth, built on their existing strengths through skill development, and actively involved them in planning the dissemination of study results
