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Nursing Process 1 > Module I Infection Powerpoint > Flashcards

Module I Infection Powerpoint Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

What are the components of the infection cycle?

A
  • Infectious agent
  • Portal of exit
  • reservoir
  • means of transportation
  • Portal of entry
  • susceptible host
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2
Q

What are examples of infections agents?

A
  • Bacteria
  • viruses
  • fungi
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3
Q

Define reservoir

A
  • Natural habitat of the organism
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4
Q

Define portal of exit

A
  • Point of escape for the organism
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5
Q

What are the means of transmission?

A
  • Direct contact
  • indirect contact
  • airborne route
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6
Q

Define portal of entry

A
  • Point at which organisms enter a new host
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7
Q

Define susceptible host

A
  • Must overcome resistance mounted by host’s defenses
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8
Q

Define bacteria

A
  • Most significant and most prevalent in hospital settings
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9
Q

Define virus

A

Smallest of all microorganisms

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10
Q

Define fungi

A

Plant like organisms present in the air, soil, and water

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11
Q

Define parasites

A

Live on or in a host and rely on it for nourishment

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12
Q

What shapes are bacteria categorized with

A
  • Spherical (cocci)
  • rod shaped (bacilli)
  • corkscrew shape (spirochetes)
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13
Q

What gram staining are bacteria categorized as?

A
  • Gram positive
  • gram negative
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14
Q

What are the bacteria oxygen categories?

A
  • Aerobic: need oxygen to live
  • anaerobic: can live without oxygen
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15
Q

What are the possible reservoirs for microorganisms?

A
  • Other people
  • animals
  • soil
  • food, water, milk
  • inanimate objects
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16
Q

What are the common portals of exit?

A
  • Respiratory
  • gastrointestinal
  • genitourinary tracts
  • breaks in skin
  • blood and issue
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17
Q

What are the means of transmission?

A
  • Direct contact
  • indirect contact: vector, fomite
  • droplet
  • airborne
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18
Q

What are the stages of infection?

A
  • Incubation period
  • prodromal stage
  • full stage of illness
  • convalescent period
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19
Q

What occurs in the incubation period?

A

When organisms grow and multiply

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20
Q

What occurs in the prodromal stage?

A

When the person is most infectious, vague and nonspecific signs of disease

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21
Q

What occurs in the full stage of illness?

A
  • The presence of specific signs and symptoms of disease
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22
Q

What occurs in the convalescent period?

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A

Recovery from the infection

23
Q

What does inflammation do?

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A

Helps the body neutralize, control, or eliminate the offending agent, and prepare the site for repair

24
Q

What are the two types of inflammatory response?

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A

Acute or chronic

25
What occurs in the vascular phase of the inflammatory response?
- Vasodilation increases blood flow - histamine released causes permeability of vessels and protein-rich fluid to get to the injury
26
What occurs in the cellular stage of the inflammatory response?
- Leukocytes/neutrophils consume debris - damaged cells are repaired
27
What are the two forms of immunity?
- Humoral immunity - cell-mediated immunity
28
What are the two materials in humoral immunity?
- Antigen - antibody
29
Define antigen
The foreign material (bacteria)
30
Define antibody
What is produced in the body in response to the antigen
31
What occurs in cell-mediated immunity?
The amount of lymphocytes increases which destroys or reacts with cells that the body recognizes as harmful
32
What factors affect risk for infection?
- Intact skin and mucous membranes - normal pH levels - body's white blood cells - age, sex, and hereditary factors - immunization, natural or acquired - fatigue, climate, nutritional and general health status - use of invasive or indwelling medical devices
33
What laboratory data indicates infection?
- Elevated white blood cell count (normal is 5,000-10,000/mm3) - increase in specific types of white blood cells - elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate - presence of pathogen in urine, blood, sputum, or draining cultures
34
How can infections be controlled?
- Demonstrate hand hygiene - identify signs of infection - maintain nutritional intake - proper disposal of soiled articles - appropriate cleansing and disinfecting techniques - demonstrate awareness of the necessity of proper immunizations - demunstante stress-reduction techniques
35
Define asepsis and the forms
- Includes all activities to prevent infection or break the chain of infection - medical and surgical asepsis
36
Define medical asepsis and tactics
- Clean technique to reduce number of pathogens - hand hygiene and wearing gloves
37
Define surgical asepsis and tactics
- Sterile technique to keep area free from microorganisms - inserting an indwelling urinary catheter or IV
38
What are the five moments for hand hygiene (WHO)
- Moment l: before touching a patient - moment 2: before a clean on aseptic procedure - moment 3: after a body fluid exposure risk - moment 4: after touching a patient - moment 5: after touching patient surroundings
39
CAUTI
- Catheter-associated urinary tract infection
40
SSI
Surgical site infection
41
CLABSI
Central-line-associated bloodstream infection
42
MRSA
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
43
C. diff
Clostridioides difficile
44
CDIs
Clostridioides difficile infections
45
MRSA
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
46
VISA
Vancomycin intermediate - resistant staphylococcus aureus
47
VRSA
Vancomycin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
48
VRE
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci
49
CRE
Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae
50
CRAB
Carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii
51
CDI
Clostridioides difficile
52
PPE
- Gloves - gowns - masks -Protective eyewear
53
Patient teaching for medical asepsis at home
- Wash hands before preparing or eating food - prepare food at high enough temperatures - Wash hands, cutting boards, and utensils - keep food refrigerated - Wash raw fruits and vegetables - use pasteurized milk and fruit juices

Nursing Process 1 (4 decks)

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