Module3

Question 1

What is community development ?

Answer 1

Defined by Kretzman and McKnight as “building communities from the inside out”
-It occurs when a community is engaged in a dynamic continuous process of social change that can lead to permanent enhancements in people’s lives.
It can include strategies such as capacity building, empowerment and participation

Question 2

What are the three layers to community development?

Answer 2

Philosophy: CD embodies the belief that people can identify and solve their problems
Process: supports citizens as they find their power to effect change
Project/outcome: involves the work of citizens to bring about change in their community

Question 3

What are the 10 steps of the community development process?

Answer 3

1- Get to know your community
2- Listen to community members
3- Being people together to develop a shared vision
4- Assess community assets and resources, needs, and issues
5- Help community members to recognize and articulate areas of concern and their cause
6- Establish a vehicle for change
7- Develop an action plan
8- Implement action plan
9- Evaluate results of actions
10- Reflect and regroup

Question 4

What is community capacity?

Answer 4

Identifies and works with existing community strengths to promote a positive view of the community (focuses on strengths rather than weaknesses: capacity building)

Question 5

What are the 9 features of Community Capacity?

Answer 5

1-Participation
2-Leadership
3-Community structures
4-External supports
5-Asking why
6-Obtaining resources
7-Skills, knowledge, and learning
8-Linking with others
9-Sense of community

Question 6

What is asset mapping?

Answer 6

Identifying community-based initiatives such as community development, strategic planning, and organizational development

Question 7

What are the 3 approaches to asset mapping?

Answer 7

1-Whole-assets approach (comprehensive, complete map)
2-Storytelling approach (social history that reveals assets)
3-Heritage approach (a picture, map, or list of community’s heritage)

Question 8

What is community mobilization?

Answer 8

The use of community capacity to bring about change through an action plan, usually developed and implemented with community partners

Question 9

What is community competence?

Answer 9

When a community is able to use its problem-solving abilities to identify and deal with community health issues. Has been linked to community empowerment

Question 10

What is Asset Based Community Development? (ABCD)

Answer 10

A strategy for sustainable community driven development.

• It is concerned with how to link micro-assets to the macro-environment.
• Builds on assets already found in the community and mobilizes individuals, associations, and institutions to come together to build on their assets, not their needs
• The key is to begin to use what is ALREADY in the community, this is community driven development

Question 11

What are the guiding principles of Asset based community development?

Answer 11

Everyone has gifts, Relationships build a community, Citizens at the centre, Leaders involve others as active members of the community, People care about something, Motivation to act, Listening conversation, Ask, Asking questions rather than giving answers invites stronger participation, A citizen centered “inside out” organization is the key to community engagement, Institutions have reached their limits in problem solving, Institutions as servants

Question 12

What are the 5 key assets in Asset based community development?

Answer 12

• Individuals
• Associations (small informal group of people)
• Institutions (paid group of people)
• Physical assets (land, buildings…)_
• Connections (exchange between people sharing their assets by bartering…)

Question 13

What is the core of ABCD?

Answer 13

Its focus on societal relationships

Question 14

What is social capital?

Answer 14

Features of social organizations, which increase a society’s productive potential. Built on a web of relationships .

Question 15

What is empowerment?

Answer 15

An active process whereby individuals, groups, and communities are able to state their health requirements and be involved in and take charge of the strategies required to achieve improved health
•Empowerment promotes an environment that creates opportunities for competencies to be used

Question 16

What is community empowerment?

Answer 16

• Requires reciprocity and continuous interaction between people and the social, economic and physical environments to bring change and promote health
• Community empowerment results from collective individual efforts to influence and manage the effects of the DOH

Question 17

What is required to empower families?

Answer 17

For families to become active participants, they need to feel a sense of personal competence and a desire for and willingness to take action
•An empowered family has:
-Access and control over needed resources
-Decision making and problem solving abilities
-Abilities to communicate and obtain needed resources

Question 18

What is the goal of the community health action model?

Answer 18

To depict community health promotion processes in a manner that can be implemented by community members to achieve their collectively and collaboratively determined actions and outcomes to sustain or improve the health and well-being of their community, the community as a whole for the benefit of all

Question 19

What is participatory action research? (PAR)

Answer 19

This is when community members gather info about their community. It includes popular knowledge, personal experiences, and other nonscientific knowledge.

Question 20

For participatory action research, the process is as important as the outcome, what are the 3 learning cycles?

Answer 20

• Education and analysis
• Investigation
• Action

Question 21

What the 4 cores of the Community health action model?

Answer 21

Being
Belonging
Becoming
Social: Assessment, implementation and evaluation

Question 22

What is involved in the Being Stage of the Community Health Action model?

Answer 22

interactions as people come together to form a collective unit. Develop a sense of identity or attachment to the group or community. Leads to a sense of belonging

Question 23

What is involved in the Becoming Stage of the Community Health Action model?

Answer 23

community action by the group

Question 24

What is involved in the Belonging Stage of the Community Health Action model?

Answer 24

expression by the group of a sense of community. Expressions usually come in the form of community action

Question 25

What is the context of the Community Health Action model?

Answer 25

Social, physical, economic
These 3 factors greatly influence the health and wellbeing of both individual community members and the community as a whole

Question 26

What is the community Health action model?

Answer 26

A model shaped as stacked cylinders, with the different cores/stages of being, belonging and becoming. Stressors can affect the model at any stage. It is based upon assets and strengths, resiliency and capacity and community health and wellbeing

Question 27

What 5 things were the origin of the community health action model ? (CHA)

Answer 27

• Center for health promotion model for quality of life
• Revised community resiliency model
• The Neuman systems model
• Community as partner model
• Goals for utilization of the CHA model

Question 28

What affects group physical and emotional cimate?

Answer 28

Adequate lighting, temperature, welcoming, open

Question 29

What is group involvement?

Answer 29

the degree of attraction and commitment by group members to the achievement of group goals

Question 30

What is group cohesion?

Answer 30

the attraction between individual members and the group, a sense of togetherness often described as a sense of “we-ness”

Question 31

What is group productivity?

Answer 31

the activities that a group uses to reach its task and process goals and therefore to accomplish max. Effectiveness

Question 32

What are the stages of group development?

Answer 32

Forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning

Question 33

What are the 3 ways to transform conflict?

Answer 33

Power of diversity
Power of solidarity
Power of shared responsibility

Question 34

How is community defined?

Answer 34

•Community- defined in terms of geography, or a group who shares a common interest/focus
Includes: people, place, and function

Question 35

What are health inequities?

Answer 35

These are differences in health that could be avoided if reasonable action was taken, and therefore these differences were considered to be unfair and socially unjust

Question 36

What are health disparities?

Answer 36

They are a wide range of variation in health services and in health status among certain population groups defined by specific characteristics

Question 37

What are the 5 things to consider with community participation?

Answer 37

• People are the experts
• Beneficial to act together
• All community members have skills, knowledge, and abilities to contribute
• Processes that don’t address concerns have been shown not to achieve their purposes
• Power to act