Modules 17 and 18

Question 1

Brain receives input from sensory organs

Answer 1

Sensation

Question 2

Sensory nerve endings that respond to stimuli

Answer 2

Sensory receptors

Question 3

Brain makes sense out of the input from sensory organs

Answer 3

Perception

Question 4

Taking sensory information and assembling and integrating it (what am I seeing ?)

Answer 4

Bottom-up processing

Question 5

Using models, expectations, and ideas to interpret sensory information (is that something I’ve seen before?)

Answer 5

Top-down processing

Question 6

stimulation of sensory receptor cells

Answer 6

Reception

Question 7

transforming cell stimulation into neural impulses

Answer 7

Transduction

Question 8

delivering neural information to the brain to be processed

Answer 8

Transmission

Question 9

diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation (rock in shoe)

Answer 9

Sensory adaptation

Question 10

mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another

Answer 10

Perceptual set

Question 11

minimum energy needed to detect a particular stimulus

Answer 11

Absolute threshold

Question 12

predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus (signal) amid background stimulation (noise).

Answer 12

Signal detection theory

Question 13

stimuli you cannot consciously detect, below absolute threshold

Answer 13

Subliminal

Question 14

activation, often unconsciously, predisposing one’s perception, memory, or response

Answer 14

Priming

Question 15

minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50 percent of time

Answer 15

Difference threshold

Question 16

to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum

Answer 16

Weber’s law

Question 17

distance from one wave peak to the next

Answer 17

Wavelength

Question 18

color is determined by the wavelength of light

Answer 18

Hue

Question 19

amount of energy in a light wave (influences brightness)

Answer 19

Intensity

Question 20

part of eye that contains rods and cones and begins processing of visual information

Answer 20

Retina

Question 21

when the lens changes shape to focus on near or far objects on the retina

Answer 21

Accommodation

Question 22

Detects black and white and helps us see in the dark

Answer 22

Rods

Question 23

Detects fine details and color and functions in daylight or bright light

Answer 23

Cones

Question 24

Carries neural impulses from eye to brain

Answer 24

Optic Nerve

Question 25

Where the optic nerve leaves the eye and no receptor cells are located

Answer 25

Blind Spot

Question 26

Central focal point in the retina around the eye's cones cluster

Answer 26

Fovea

Question 27

Nerve cells that respond to specific features of stimulus (shape, angle, and movement)

Answer 27

Feature Detectors

Question 28

Turning light into the mental act of seeing

Answer 28

Parallel processing

Question 29

Organization of a visual field into objects (Figures) that stand out from surroundings (ground)

Answer 29

Figure ground

Question 30

Perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups

Answer 30

Grouping

Question 31

Ability to see objects in three dimensions and allows use to judge distance

Answer 31

Depth Perception

Question 32

Laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals

Answer 32

Visual Cliff

Question 33

Depth cue that depends on use of two eyes

Answer 33

Binocular Cue

Question 34

Cue for perceiving depth, greater the distance between two images, the closer the object

Answer 34

Retinal Disparity

Question 35

Depth cue available to one eye alone

Answer 35

Monocular cue

Question 36

Illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession

Answer 36

Phi Phenomemon

Question 37

Perceiving objects as unchanged even as lighting and retinal images change

Answer 37

Perceptual Constancy

Question 38

Ability to adjust to changed sensory input

Answer 38

Perceptual Adaptation

Question 39

Myopia

Answer 39

Nearsightedness

Question 40

There are three color receptor cones (red, green, blue) and the colors we perceive are created by light waves stimulating combinations of these cones (3 color theory)

Answer 40

Young-Hemholtz Trichromatic Theory

Question 41

Color vision depends on three sets of opposing retinal processes, red-green, blue-yellow, white-black. It's either this or that. (green and yellow to red and blue flag)

Answer 41

Opponent-process Theory